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Year 2: Head and Neck > General Organisation of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

General Organisation of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What landmarks can be seen with the naked eye on the neck?

A
  • Thyroid cartilage (more prominent in males as it is the Adam’s apple)
  • Cricoid cartilage (below the thyroid cartilage)
  • Thyroid gland (below the cricoid cartilage)
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2
Q

Name the 3 anatomically important muscles of the neck.

A
  1. Platysma
  2. Sternocleidomastoid
  3. Trapezius
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3
Q

Describe the function of platysma.

A

Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and the skin of the neck superiorly if the teeth are clenched.

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4
Q

Which nerve supplies platysma?

A

Facial nerve (Cn.VII)

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5
Q

Describe the function of sternocleidomastoid.

A

Lateral flexion of the neck

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6
Q

Which nerve supplies sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve (Cn. XI)

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7
Q

Describe the function of trapezius.

A

Elevating and rotating of the scapula (Shrugging of the shoulders)

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8
Q

What nerve supplies the trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (Cn. XI)

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9
Q

Name 3 anatomical areas found in the neck.

A
  1. Anterior triangle
  2. Posterior triangle
  3. Carotid triangle
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10
Q

What are the anatomical boarders of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Posterior: Anterior border of the trapezius muscle
Inferior: clavicle

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11
Q

What are the anatomical boarders of the anterior triangle?

A

Superiorly: Inferior border of the mandible (jawbone)
Laterally: Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid
Medially: Imaginary sagittal line down midline of body

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12
Q

What are the anatomical boarders of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior: Posterior belly of the digastric muscle.
Lateral: Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Inferior: Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

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13
Q

Name the 5 layers of fascia within the neck, from outside in.

A
  1. Superficial cervical fascia (loose connective tissue)
  2. Investing layer
  3. Carotid sheath
  4. Pre tracheal fascia
  5. Pre visceral fascia
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14
Q

What structures are found in the superficial cervical fascia (loose connective tissue) layer?

A
  • Fat
  • Lymph nodes
  • Platysma
  • Cutaneous nerves
  • Superficial blood vessels
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15
Q

What structures are found in the investing layer of fascia?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Partoid and sub-mandibular salivary glands
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16
Q

What structures are found in the carotid sheath layer of fascia?

A
  • Common corotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
  • Lymph nodes
17
Q

What structures are found in the pre tracheal layer of fascia?

A
  • Thyroid gland
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
18
Q

What structures are found in the pre visceral layer of fascia?

A
  • Vertebral bodies

- Inter-vertebral muscles

19
Q

Where does the carotid sheath run to?

A

The arch of the aorta

20
Q

Where does the pre tracheal fascia run to?

A

The mediastinum

21
Q

Where does the pre visceral fascia run to?

A

The brachial plexus

22
Q

What is the back of the pre tracheal fascia also known as?

A

The buccopharyngeal aspect

23
Q

What is found directly behind the buccopharyngeal aspect?

A

Retropharyngeal space

24
Q

Why is the Retropharyngeal space of medical concern?

A

In this space infection can occur which can compress the pharynx or spread to the mediastinum causing mediastinitis.

25
Q

Name the 2 groups of muscles of the face.

A
  1. Muscles of fascial expression

2. Muscles of mastication (chewing)

26
Q

Which nerve are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

A

Facial nerve Cn.VII

27
Q

Which nerve are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Trigeminal Cn. V

28
Q

What is the name of the main sensory nerve of the face and scalp?

A

Trigeminal Cn. V

29
Q

Name the 3 key branches of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  1. Opthalmic
  2. Maxillary
  3. Mandibular
30
Q

Name the 5 key branches of the facial nerve.

A

REMEMBER: Two Zebras Borrowed My Car

Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Manibular
Cervical
31
Q

Other than the innervation of muscles of the face, what else is the cranial nerve responsible for?

A
  • Tongue-taste

- Parasympathetic innervation to salivary and lacrimal glands

32
Q

Describe the artery supply of the head and neck.

A

The common carotid artery is the main arteial supply via its terminal branches. (internal carotid, external carotid, facial artery branch)

33
Q

Describe the venous supply of the head and neck.

A

The internal jugular vein is the main vein, however the main drainage from the face is the facial vein.

Year 2: Head and Neck (4 decks)

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