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LEA ( Ashley) > Osteology of the Thigh and Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Osteology of the Thigh and Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

general aspects of the femur

A
  • proximal extremity
  • shaft
  • distal extremity
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2
Q

femur articulates with

A
  • os coxae (hip joint)
  • patella (knee joint)
  • tibia (knee joint)
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3
Q

internal architecture of the femur

A

has typical architecture of a long bone

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4
Q

central portion of the shaft of the femur is a

A

hollow cylinder of compact bone

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5
Q

extremities of the femur consist of what

A

a thin shell of compact bone (cortical bone) and a central core of spongy bone (cancellous bone)

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6
Q

the trabeculae of the spongy bone in the extremities are arranged to transmit weight from

A

the proximal extremity to the shaft

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7
Q

in the proximal extremity of the femur the trabeculae are arranged to transmit weight from

A

the head –> neck –> shaft

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8
Q

what is the calcar femorale

A

trabeculae that is very large and passes from the neck to the shaft beneath the lesser trochanter

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9
Q

angle of inclination

A

in the anatomical position the shaft of the femur is not vertical b/c the distal extremity moves towards the midline of the body

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10
Q

angle of inclination is the angle between

A
  • the longitudinal axis of the shaft and the longitudinal axis of the neck
  • angle varies with age, sex, and bony development
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11
Q

what is the angle of inclination at birth and as an adult

A

birth ~140

adult ~ 90-130

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12
Q

angle of femoral torsion (angle of declinaion or ante torsion)

A

angle represents the amount of medial (internal) rotation of the shaft of the femur

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13
Q

angle of femoral torsion is the angle between

A

the longitudinal axis of the neck and the bicondylar line

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14
Q

what is the angle of femoral torsion at birth and as an adult?

A

birth ~ 30

adult ~ 15-20

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15
Q

angle of anteversion

A

is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the neck and the frontal plane

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16
Q

what is the angle of anteversion at birth and as an adult

A

birth ~ 60 external

adult ~ 10 external

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17
Q

what does the proximal extremity of the femur consist of

A
  • head
  • neck
  • greater trochanter
  • lesser trochanter
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18
Q

the head of the femur articulates with

A

acetabulum

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19
Q

head of femur is mostly covered with

A

articular cartilage

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20
Q

oval depression of the head near the centre is called

A

fovea capitis femoris

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21
Q

neck of the femur connects what

A

the head to the shaft

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22
Q

the neck is rough for

A

ligamentous attachment

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23
Q

greater trochanter

A

quadrilateral projection at the lateral aspect of the junction of the neck and shaft

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24
Q

greater trochanter consists of what surfaces and borders

A

medial and lateral sufraces

anterior, posterior, superior and inferior borders

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25
Q

what surface of the GT contains the trochanteric or digital fossa?

A

medial surface

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26
Q

lesser trochanter extends

A

posteriorly and medially from the base of the neck

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27
Q

where is the tubercle of the femur located

A

at the junction of the intertrochanteric line and the anterior border or the greater trochanter

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28
Q

intertrochanteric crest courses from

A

the greater to the lesser trochanter on the posterior surface

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29
Q

where is the quadrate tubercle located?

A

at the midpoint of the intertrochanteric crest

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30
Q

intertrochanteric line courses from

A

the greater to the lesser trochanter on the anterior surface; it continues inferiorly on the shaft as the spiral line

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31
Q

describe the shaft of the femur

A

narrowest in the middle and flares at the proximal and distal extremity

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32
Q

the middle third of the shaft of the femur contains

A
  • medial, lateral and posterior (line aspera) borders

- anterior, medial and lateral surfaces

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33
Q

the posterior border of the shaft of the femur splits into

A

the upper and lower thirds of the shaft to add a posterior surface

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34
Q

what is the name of the lower third posterior surface of the shaft of the femur

A

popliteal surface

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35
Q

medial lip

A
  • extending inferiorly and ending at the adductor tubercle is the medial supracondylar line
  • extending superiorly is the spiral line which continues superiorly to the intertrochanteric line
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36
Q

lateral lip

A
  • extending inferiorly is the lateral supracondylar line

- extending superiorly is the gluteal tuberosity which ends at the inferior border of the greater trochanter

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37
Q

the gluteal tuberosity has a ____ and _____ lip

A

medial and lateral

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38
Q

if there is a tubercle in the proximal portion of the gluteal tuberosity it is called

A

the third trochanter

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39
Q

middle or intermeidal lip

A
  • there is no inferior projection

- extending superiorly is the pectineal line

40
Q

continuous line formed by

A
  • the posterior border and its projections, and components of the proximal extremity
  • Adductor tubercle > medial supracondylar line > medial lip of linea aspera > spiral line > intertrochanteric line > tubercle of femur > anterior border of greater trochanter > inferior border of greater trochanter > gluteal tuberosity > lateral lip of linea aspera > lateral supracondylar line
41
Q

the distal extremity of the femur consists of

A

medial and lateral condyles

42
Q

the distal ends of the condyles articulate with

A

the condyles of the tibia

43
Q

the condyles are connected anteriorly by

A

the patellar (trochlear) surface

44
Q

the condyles are separated posteriorly by

A

the intercondylar fossa or notch

45
Q

medial condyle of the femur extends further

A

inferior than the lateral condyle

46
Q

medial condyle of the femur contains

A
  • medial epicondyle

- adductor tubercle

47
Q

lateral condyle contains

A

lateral epicondyle

48
Q

what type of bone is the os coxae

A

irregular shaped bone

49
Q

what does the os coxae from

A

the bony pelvis with the sacrum and the os coxae from the contralateral side

50
Q

the os coxae is formed by the union of the

A

ilium, ischium and pubis

51
Q

acetabulum marks the point of

A

union of all 3 bones (ilium, ischium and pubis)

52
Q

what is the acetabulum

A

a cup-shaped articular cavity located on the lateral side of the external surface

53
Q

os coxae articular with

A
  • opposite os coxae (pubic symphysis)
  • sacrum (sacroiliac joint)
  • femur (hip joint)
54
Q

what is the obturator foramen

A
  • a large opening that is surrounded by the ischium and pubis
  • it is mostly closed over by an obturator membrane except for the obturator canal
55
Q

in the skeleton the os coxae sits so that the junction between the true and false pelvis is angulated about – from the transverse plane

A

45’

56
Q

the ilium forms the — portion of the os coxae

A

superior portion

57
Q

the ilium is divided into a body and an ala by

A

the arcuate line internally and the upper border of the acetabulum externally

58
Q

the body of the ilium contains what surfaces

A

femoral surface and pelvic surface

59
Q

describe the femoral surface of the body of the ilium

A
  • forms part of the lunate surface and acetabular fossa of the acetabulum
  • iliopectineal eminence (iliopubic eminence) located at the junction of the body of the ilium and the lateral portion of the superior ramus of the pubis
60
Q

ala of the ilium contains what surfaces

A

gluteal and pelvic surface

61
Q

the gluteal surface of the ala contains what lines?

A

Posterior gluteal line.
Anterior gluteal line.
Inferior gluteal line.

62
Q

the pelvic surface of the ilium contains

A

Iliac fossa.
Auricular surface.
Iliac tuberosity

63
Q

describe the ala of the ilium

A
  • crest of the ilium
  • S-shaped and ends in the anterior superior iliac spine and the posterior superior iliac spine
  • composed of an external, intermediate, and internal lip
64
Q

anterior border of the ala contains

A

Anterior superior iliac spine.
Anterior inferior iliac spine.
Notch between the spines

65
Q

posterior border of the ala contains

A

Posterior superior iliac spine.
Posterior inferior iliac spine.
Notch between the spines.
Beginning of the greater sciatic notch.

66
Q

bruising of the crest of the ilium is a

A

hip pointer

67
Q

use of the ASIS and the tip of the medial malleolus is used for

A

limb length measurements

68
Q

what does the ischium form

A

the inferior portion of the os coxae

69
Q

the ischium is divded into

A

a body and a rams

70
Q

superior portion of the body of the ischium

A

Femoral surface: Forms part of the lunate surface and acetabular fossa of the acetabulum, and most of the acetabular notch.
Pelvic surface.
Posterior border: Contains the ischial spine, part of the greater sciatic notch, and the lesser sciatic notch.
Anterior border: Contains the obturator tubercle.

71
Q

inferior portion of the body of he ilium

A

Anterior surface.
Pelvic surface.
Posterior surface: Contains the ischial tuberosity.

72
Q

ramus of the ischium includes what borders and surfaces

A

Anterior surface.
Pelvic surface.
Medial border.
Lateral border.

73
Q

what forms the ischiopubic ramus

A

-the ramus of the ischium and the inferior ramus of the pubis

74
Q

the pubis forms what portion of the os coxae

A

anterior portion

75
Q

the pubis is divided into

A

body
superior ramus
inferior ramus

76
Q

body of pubis contains the following

A
  • anterior surface
  • pelvic surface
  • superior surface
77
Q

superior surface of the body of the pubis contains

A 
Angle of the pubis.
Crest of the pubis.
Pubic tubercle.
Initial part of the pectineal line.
Medial border:
78
Q

medial border of the body of the pubis forms

A

part of the pubic symphysis

79
Q

inferior ramus of the pubis contains what surfaces and borders

A

Anterior surface.
Pelvic surface.
Medial border.
Lateral border

80
Q

medial portion of the superior ramus contains what surfaces

A
  • pectineal or superior surface
  • pelvic surface
  • obturator or inferior surface
81
Q

pectineal or superior surface

A

bounded posteriorly by the pectineal line, and anteriorly by the obturator crest

82
Q

obturator or inferior surface

A

contains the obturator groove

83
Q

linea terminalis fromed by

A
  • the crest of the pubis, pubic tubercle, pectineal line, and arcuate line
  • marks the boundary between the true and false pelvis
84
Q

lateral portion of the superior ramus contains

A
  • femoral surface

- pelvis surface

85
Q

femoral surface of the lateral portion of the pubis forms

A

part of the lunate surface and acetabular fossa of the acetabulum, and part of the acetabular notch

86
Q

sacrum formed by

A

the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae

87
Q

pelvis, anterior and ventral surface of the sacrum

A
  • four transverse ridges
  • four pairs of ventral or anterior sacral foramina
  • sacral promontory
88
Q

sacral promontory

A

anterior projecting edge of the first sacral vertebrae

89
Q

posterior or dorsal surface contains

A
  • median sacral crest
  • sacral grooves
  • intermediate sacral crests
  • lateral sacral crests
  • 4 pairs or dorsal or posterior sacral foramina
  • sacral hiatus
  • sacral cornu
90
Q

median sacral crest formed by

A

the fused spinous processes and contains four tubercles (no 5th due to sacral hiatus)

91
Q

sacral grooved formed by

A

the fused lamina

92
Q

intermediate sacral crests

A

-formed by the fused articular processes and contains 4 tubercles (5th forms the sacral cornu)

93
Q

lateral sacral crests

A

-formed by the fused transverse processes and contains 5 transverse tubercles

94
Q

lateral surface of the sacrum contains

A
  • auricular surface

- sacral tuberosity (actually a depression)

95
Q

base of the sacrum contains

A
  • body
  • 2 ala
  • articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebrae
96
Q

apex of the sacrum articulates with

A

the coccyx

LEA ( Ashley) (11 decks)

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