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CBS602 UL II: Forearm, Wrist and Hand > Osteology of the Forearm, Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Osteology of the Forearm, Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary role of the ulna in the forearm?

A

The ulna is the main stabilizing bone of the forearm.

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2
Q

How does the shape of the ulna change distally?

A

The ulna narrows distally.

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3
Q

Does the ulna articulate at the wrist joint?

A

No, the ulna does not articulate at the wrist joint.

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4
Q

What movement does the radius perform over the ulna?

A

The radius rotates over the stationary ulna

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5
Q

How does the shape of the radius change distally?

A

The radius becomes broader distally.

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6
Q

Where does the radius articulate?

A

The radius articulates at the radiocarpal (wrist) joint and the distal radioulnar joint

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7
Q

What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna?

A

The interosseous membrane connects the radius and ulna, helping in force transmission and stabilization.

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8
Q

What are the styloid processes of the radius and ulna?

A

The styloid process of the radius and the styloid process of the ulna are bony projections located at the distal ends of each bone.

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9
Q

What is the significance of the ulnar notch?

A

The ulnar notch on the distal radius articulates with the head of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint.

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10
Q

Where is the head of the radius located?

A

The head of the radius is located at the proximal end of the radius, near the elbow.

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11
Q

How many carpal bones are there in the wrist?

A

8

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12
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering the order of carpal bones?

A

“Straight Line To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb”.

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13
Q

Name the bones in the proximal row of the carpus.

A

The bones in the proximal row are:

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform (a sesamoid bone).

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14
Q

Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

A

The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone.

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15
Q

Name the bones in the distal row of the carpus.

A

Hamate (with a hook called the hook of hamate)
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium.

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16
Q

How do the carpal bones in the proximal row participate in wrist movement?

A

The proximal row articulates at the wrist joint via the articular disc.

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17
Q

What type of joints are the intercarpal joints?

A

The intercarpal joints are synovial plane joints between the carpal bones.

18
Q

Which carpal bones are involved in forming the carpal arch?

A

The carpal arch is formed by the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

19
Q

What is the hook of hamate, and why is it clinically significant?

A

The hook of hamate is a projection on the hamate bone and is important because it can be fractured or involved in compression of the ulnar nerve.

20
Q

What is the most common carpal bone injury?

A

Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal bone injury.

21
Q

What is the usual mechanism of injury for scaphoid fractures?

A

The usual mechanism is a Fall on an Outstretched Hand (FOOSH).

22
Q

Where is the most common location for a scaphoid fracture?

A

The most common location is at the waist of the scaphoid.

23
Q

What is the significance of the blood supply to the scaphoid?

A

10% of the scaphoid receives its blood supply from the distal source, which makes the proximal scaphoid vulnerable to avascular necrosis.

24
Q

What complication can occur if a scaphoid fracture is missed on X-rays?

A

If missed, the fracture can lead to delayed diagnosis, increasing the risk of avascular necrosis and eventual osteoarthritis of the wrist in later life.

25
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?

A

The radiocarpal joint is a condyloid synovial joint.

26
Q

What bones form the articulation of the radiocarpal joint?

A

The radiocarpal joint is formed by the distal radius and articular disc with the proximal row of carpal bones (except the pisiform).

27
Q

What ligaments support the radiocarpal joint?

A

The ligaments supporting the joint include the ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, and palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments.

28
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint responsible for?

A

The distal radioulnar joint allows for pronation and supination of the forearm.

29
Q

What is the function of the midcarpal and intercarpal joints?

A

The midcarpal joint and intercarpal joints allow for small gliding movements between the carpal bones.

30
Q

What is the role of the carpometacarpal joints?

A

The carpometacarpal joints allow the metacarpals to articulate with the distal carpal row.

31
Q

How many bones are there in the hand?

A

There are 19 bones in the hand.

32
Q

How many metacarpals are there in the hand?

A

There are 5 metacarpal bones in the hand.

33
Q

How are the phalanges divided in the fingers?

A

Each finger (except the thumb) has three phalanges: proximal, middle, and distal.

34
Q

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

A

The thumb has 2 phalanges: proximal and distal.

35
Q

What type of joint is the MCP joint?

A

The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is a condyloid synovial joint.

36
Q

What type of joint are the PIP and DIP joints?

A

The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints are hinge synovial joints.

37
Q

What is the function of the palmar plates in the hand?

A

The palmar plates join the head of one bone to the base of the adjacent bone, stabilizing the joints.

38
Q

How are the palmar plates attached?

A

They are firmly attached to the deep transverse metacarpal ligament.

39
Q

What does the deep transverse metacarpal ligament connect?

A

It connects the 2nd to 5th metacarpals.

40
Q

What is the function of the deep transverse metacarpal ligament?

A

It resists separation of the metacarpals, stabilizing them during movement.

41
Q

What do the collateral ligaments stabilize in the hand?

A

The collateral ligaments stabilize the MCP (metacarpophalangeal) joints and IP (interphalangeal) joints.

42
Q

When are the collateral ligaments taut?

A

The collateral ligaments are taut in flexion.

CBS602 UL II: Forearm, Wrist and Hand (3 decks)

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