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CBS602 UL II: Forearm, Wrist and Hand > Neurovasculature of the Forearm, Wrist & Hand > Flashcards

Neurovasculature of the Forearm, Wrist & Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the cephalic vein originate?

A

From the lateral dorsal venous arch.

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2
Q

Which vein runs laterally up the forearm and arm?

A

The cephalic vein.

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3
Q

Through which groove does the cephalic vein run before draining into the axillary vein?

A

The deltopectoral groove

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4
Q

At which anatomical site does the cephalic vein drain into the axillary vein?

A

At the clavipectoral triangle.

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5
Q

Where does the basilic vein originate?

A

From the medial dorsal venous arch.

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6
Q

Which vein runs medially up the forearm and arm?

A

The basilic vein.

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7
Q

At what point does the basilic vein become the axillary vein?

A

At the lower border of the teres major muscle.

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8
Q

What is the median cubital vein responsible for?

A

It unites the basilic and cephalic veins at the elbow.

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9
Q

Why is the median cubital vein clinically significant?

A

It is a common site for venepuncture.

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10
Q

What is the relationship between deep veins and arteries in the upper limb?

A

Deep veins accompany arteries and drain into paired brachial veins.

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11
Q

Into which veins do the brachial veins drain?

A

Into the basilic or axillary veins.

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12
Q

Where does the brachial artery bifurcate?

A

At the neck of the radius

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13
Q

Which two arteries arise from the bifurcation of the brachial artery?

A

The ulnar artery and the radial artery.

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14
Q

Describe the course of the ulnar artery.

A

It runs deep to the pronator teres and continues along the medial forearm, between the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP).

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15
Q

What are the major branches of the ulnar artery?

A

The common interosseous artery, which divides into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

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16
Q

Describe the course of the radial artery.

A

It runs deep to the brachioradialis and continues along the lateral forearm, lateral to the flexor carpi radialis (FCR).

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17
Q

What are the two branches of the common interosseous artery?

A

The anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery.

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18
Q

What is the course of the ulnar artery in the hand?

A

It runs lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendon and superficial to the flexor retinaculum in Guyon’s canal.

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19
Q

What are the major branches of the ulnar artery in the hand?

A

Superficial palmar arch:
- Common palmar digital arteries
- Proper palmar digital arteries
Deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery

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20
Q

What does the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery anastomose with?

A

The deep palmar arch.

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21
Q

What is the course of the radial artery in the hand?

A

It runs lateral to the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon, passes posteriorly through the anatomical snuffbox, and then anteriorly through the 1st dorsal interossei.

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22
Q

What are the major branches of the radial artery in the hand?

A

Deep palmar arch
Palmar metacarpal arteries
Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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23
Q

Which arteries anastomose with the superficial palmar arch?

A

The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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24
Q

What is the significance of the palmar metacarpal arteries?

A

They anastomose with the proper palmar digital arteries.

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25
Q

What is an epicondyle?

A

An epicondyle is a bony prominence or projection located on the distal part of a long bone, typically near or above a condyle.

26
Q

What is the significance of the epicondyle?

A

Epicondyles serve as important attachment points for muscles and ligaments, especially in joints like the elbow or knee.

27
Q

What is the origin of the radial nerve?

A

It originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, with roots from C5-T1.

28
Q

What is the course of the radial nerve at the elbow?

A

It passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle where it splits into a superficial branch and a deep branch.

29
Q

What is the course of the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

The deep branch pierces the supinator muscle to reach the posterior forearm and continues as the posterior interosseous nerve, running between the superficial and deep layers of the posterior forearm.

30
Q

What is the course of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

It descends along the lateral forearm, deep to the brachioradialis, and passes through the superficial anatomical snuffbox to reach the dorsum of the hand.

31
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

A

It innervates all the muscles of the posterior arm and forearm.

32
Q

What areas of skin are innervated by the radial nerve?

A
  • The posterior and inferolateral arm
  • The posterior forearm
  • The lateral side of the dorsum of the hand
  • The dorsal surface of the lateral three and a half fingers (excluding their fingertips).
33
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior arm innervated by the radial nerve?

A
  • Triceps brachii – Extends the forearm at the elbow.
  • Anconeus – Assists in elbow extension and stabilizes the elbow joint.
34
Q

What is the origin of the median nerve?

A

It originates from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus, with roots from C5/6-T1.

35
Q

What is the course of the median nerve at the cubital fossa?

A

It runs medial to the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.

36
Q

Describe the course of the median nerve in the forearm.

A

It passes deep to the pronator teres, then travels between the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP).

37
Q

What is the course of the median nerve in the wrist and hand?

A

It passes through the carpal tunnel and gives off the recurrent branch to innervate the thenar eminence.

38
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the median nerve in the forearm?

A

It innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment, except for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus.

39
Q

Which muscles in the hand are innervated by the median nerve?

A
  • Thenar eminence muscles (via the recurrent branch)
  • Lumbricals 1 and 2 (first two lumbricals)
40
Q

What areas of skin are innervated by the median nerve?

A

The skin of the lateral half of the palm and the lateral three and a half fingers.

41
Q

What is the significance of the recurrent branch of the median nerve?

A

It innervates the muscles of the thenar eminence, which are responsible for thumb movements.

42
Q

What is the origin of the ulnar nerve?

A

The ulnar nerve originates from the medial cord of the brachial plexus, with roots from C8-T1.

43
Q

What is the course of the ulnar nerve at the elbow?

A

It passes posterior to the medial epicondyle and travels between the two heads of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU).

44
Q

Describe the course of the ulnar nerve in the forearm.

A

It descends between the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) and the Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP).

45
Q

What happens to the ulnar nerve at the wrist?

A

It passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum and divides into a superficial branch and a deep branch.

46
Q

Which muscles in the forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

The Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) and the medial half of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP).

47
Q

Which muscles in the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

The rest of the intrinsic hand muscles (except for the thenar muscles and first two lumbricals, which are innervated by the median nerve).

48
Q

What areas of the skin are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

The medial half of the dorsal hand (via the dorsal branch)
The palmar aspect of the hand, including the medial one and a half fingers.

49
Q

What is the function of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

It innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand.

50
Q

What is the function of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial side of the hand, including the medial one and a half fingers.

51
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

The flexor retinaculum.

52
Q

What forms the floor of the carpal tunnel?

A

The carpal bones (carpal arch).

53
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Median nerve

54
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

A condition caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand.

55
Q

What forms the medial wall of the ulnar (cubital) tunnel?

A

The medial epicondyle of the humerus.

56
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the ulnar (cubital) tunnel?

A

The olecranon of the ulna.

57
Q

What forms the floor of the ulnar (cubital) tunnel?

A

The joint capsule and the ulnar collateral ligament.

58
Q

What forms the roof of the ulnar (cubital) tunnel?

A

The cubital tunnel retinaculum.

59
Q

What are the contents of the ulnar (cubital) tunnel?

A

The ulnar nerve

60
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

A condition caused by compression of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the forearm and hand, particularly affecting the medial fingers.

61
Q
A

CBS602 UL II: Forearm, Wrist and Hand (3 decks)

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