Osteology of the Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

Comprises the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, forelimbs and hindlimbs.

Question 2

Pectoral/shoulder girdle in domestic animals

Answer 2

This attaches the forelimb to the trunk by muscles forming a flexible attachment.

Question 3

Pectoral girdle consists of:

Answer 3

Paired scapulae.

Question 4

coracoid bone in DAs:

Answer 4

Is incorporated into the scapulae as coracoid process.

Question 5

Clavicle in horse, ruminants and pig

Answer 5

Is a tendinous remnant of Braciocephalic muscle.

Question 6

Clavicle in cats

Answer 6

Is rod-like, slender and non articulating.

Question 7

Classification of scapula

Answer 7

Flat bone.

Question 8

Shape of scapula

Answer 8

Triangular

Question 9

Orientation of scapula

Answer 9

Cranioventral.

Question 10

Glenoid cavity of scapula

Answer 10

Distal converging of the cranial and caudal borders of the scapula.

Question 11

Borders of scapula

Answer 11

Dorsal, cranial and caudal borders.

Question 12

Scapula cartilage

Answer 12

Found on the dorsal border of the scapula and is prominent in ungulates.

Question 13

Scapula spine

Answer 13

Divides the lateral surface of the scapula caudally into two unequal parts.

Question 14

Fossae on the lateral surface of the scapula

Answer 14

Supraspinous (smaller) and infraspinous (larger) fossa.

Question 15

Fossa on the medial surface of the scapula

Answer 15

Subscapular fossa

Question 16

Facies serrata

Answer 16

Two triangular roughened areas located dorsally on the medial surface of the scapula.

Question 17

Tuba spinae

Answer 17

Located along the length of the scapula spine.

Question 18

Acromion process

Answer 18

Distal ending to the scapula spine.

Question 19

DAs that do not have acromion process

Answer 19

Horse and pig.

Question 20

Scapula in pig

Answer 20

It is P shaped with a very conspicuous tuba spinae that curves caudally.

Question 21

Scapula in carnivores

Answer 21

It is D shaped with a well developed spine that terminates in the acromion process.

Question 22

Scapula in horse

Answer 22

It has a prominent tuba spinae but the scapula spine diminishes distally.

Question 23

Scapula in ruminants

Answer 23

Very prominent spine that ends distally in the acromion process.

Question 24

Scapula in felines

Answer 24

the acromion is flattened to form the hamate process and additionally the suprahamate process which is found dorsally but caudally directed on the scapula spine.