Osteology of the Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton
Comprises the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, forelimbs and hindlimbs.
Pectoral/shoulder girdle in domestic animals
This attaches the forelimb to the trunk by muscles forming a flexible attachment.
Pectoral girdle consists of:
Paired scapulae.
coracoid bone in DAs:
Is incorporated into the scapulae as coracoid process.
Clavicle in horse, ruminants and pig
Is a tendinous remnant of Braciocephalic muscle.
Clavicle in cats
Is rod-like, slender and non articulating.
Classification of scapula
Flat bone.
Shape of scapula
Triangular
Orientation of scapula
Cranioventral.
Glenoid cavity of scapula
Distal converging of the cranial and caudal borders of the scapula.
Borders of scapula
Dorsal, cranial and caudal borders.
Scapula cartilage
Found on the dorsal border of the scapula and is prominent in ungulates.
Scapula spine
Divides the lateral surface of the scapula caudally into two unequal parts.
Fossae on the lateral surface of the scapula
Supraspinous (smaller) and infraspinous (larger) fossa.
Fossa on the medial surface of the scapula
Subscapular fossa
Facies serrata
Two triangular roughened areas located dorsally on the medial surface of the scapula.
Tuba spinae
Located along the length of the scapula spine.
Acromion process
Distal ending to the scapula spine.
DAs that do not have acromion process
Horse and pig.
Scapula in pig
It is P shaped with a very conspicuous tuba spinae that curves caudally.
Scapula in carnivores
It is D shaped with a well developed spine that terminates in the acromion process.
Scapula in horse
It has a prominent tuba spinae but the scapula spine diminishes distally.
Scapula in ruminants
Very prominent spine that ends distally in the acromion process.
Scapula in felines
the acromion is flattened to form the hamate process and additionally the suprahamate process which is found dorsally but caudally directed on the scapula spine.
