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Veterinary Gross Anatomy > Lecture 1- Introduction To Veterinary Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Introduction To Veterinary Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

This is a branch of science concerned with the form, placement and structure of cells, tissues and organs that compose the mammalian body.

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2
Q

Greek derivation of anatomy and meaning

A

Derivation
“Ana” which means up, and “tome” which means to cut

Meaning
To cut up

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3
Q

Derivation and meaning of dissection

A

Derivation
“Di” which means asunder, and “secare” which means to cut

Meaning
To cut apart or asunder

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4
Q

Derivation of veterinary

A

Latin word ”veterinarius”, which means beasts of burden, or farm animals.

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6
Q

Father of anatomy

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

When did anatomical studies begin?

A

4th century B. C.

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9
Q

What is veterinary medicine?

A

Veterinary medicine is the science or art of preventing, caring for or assisting in the care of disease and injuries in domestic animals.

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10
Q

Examples of beasts of burden

A
  1. Dog
  2. Cat
  3. Pig/swine
  4. Bovine/ox
  5. Sheep
  6. Goat
  7. Horse
  8. Donkey
  9. Camel
  10. Chicken
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11
Q

The three divisions of anatomy

A
  1. Gross/macroscopic anatomy
  2. Microscopic anatomy
  3. Developmental anatomy/ Embryology
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12
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Gross anatomy is the study of structural details that are visible to the naked or unaided eye that are revealed after dissection.

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13
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures using visual aids.

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14
Q

Branches of microscopic anatomy

A
  1. Cytology

2. Histology

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15
Q

Difference between cytology and histology

A

Cytology is the study of cells and their internal structure, whereas histology is the study of tissues.

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16
Q

Developmental anatomy/ embryology

A

Embryology is the study of the stages through which an organism evolves from conception to birth.

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17
Q

The two approaches to gross anatomy

A
  1. Regional or topographical anatomy

2. Systematic anatomy

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18
Q

Regional or topographical anatomy

A

Organs or structures are studied region by region in the body in relation to surrounding structures (eg. thoracic region, lumbar region etc)

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19
Q

Regional anatomy includes…

A
  1. Surface anatomy
  2. Applied anatomy
  3. Radiological anatomy
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20
Q

Systematic anatomy

A

The study of groups of organs with closely related functions, forming organ systems.

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21
Q

Systematic anatomy includes___1___ aspects and combines___2____, ____3____, and ____4____ aspects

A
  1. Comparative
  2. Gross
  3. Microscopic
  4. Developmental
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22
Q

The eleven major organ systems

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Muscular
  3. Cardiovascular
  4. Digestive
  5. Respiratory
  6. Urinary
  7. Reproductive
  8. Nervous
  9. Endocrine
  10. Integumentary
  11. Special sense organs
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23
Q

Describe the language of anatomy

A
  1. It is precise and unambiguous.
  2. Each term has a single meaning; each structure with one name.
  3. Official terms are in Latin but are often translated to English equivalents
  4. Commonly used terms are in reference to quadrupeds
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24
Q

Anatomical position

A

When an animal is standing on all four limbs.

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25
Q

Axis

A

The central line of the body or of appendages.

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26
Q

The median plane

A

This divides the body into two equal left and right halves.

27
Q

Sagittal or paramedial plane

A

This plane is parallel and adjacent to the median and further divides the halves created by the median.

28
Q

Dorsal plane

A

This plane divides the body into the dorsal and ventral plane.

29
Q

Who are the two prominent names in anatomy?

A

Aristotle, who in the 4th century B. C. recorded his observations on the structure of fish and animals.
and Vesalius, who in the 16th century described the anatomy of mammals in more detail.

30
Q

How do you know if a cow is in good health?

A

Place your fist against the flank to feel the contractions of the rumen.

31
Q

Where mustn’t you stand around a horse?

A

Behind it.

32
Q

Dorsal structures

A

Refers to structures positioned towards the dorsum or backside of the trunk, head or tail.

33
Q

Ventral

A

Structures found along the belly/venter.

34
Q

Cranial

A

Structures positioned towards the head.

35
Q

Caudal

A

Structures positioned towards the tail.

36
Q

Medial

A

Structures closer to the median plane.

37
Q

Lateral

A

Structures away from the median plane.

38
Q

Proximal

A

(Of the limbs) near the junction with the trunk.

39
Q

Distal

A

(Of the limbs) away from the junction of the trunk.

40
Q

Palmar

A

Forelimb equivalent to palm of hand.

41
Q

Plantar

A

Hindlimb/sole of foot.

42
Q

Rostral/oral

A

Towards the mouth.

43
Q

Aboral

A

Away from the mouth.

44
Q

Nuchal

A

Towards the nape (peak).

45
Q

Axial

A

Closer to longitudinal axis.

46
Q

Abaxial

A

Further away from longitudinal axis.

47
Q

Peripheral

A

Distant from origin point.

48
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface.

49
Q

Deep/Profundus

A

On the surface.

50
Q

Supra

A

Above or over.

51
Q

infra

A

Below or beneath

52
Q

Dexter

A

To the right.

53
Q

Sinister

A

To the left.

54
Q

Magnus

A

Big

55
Q

Brevis

A

Short

56
Q

The locomotor apparatus is comprised of:

A
  1. Passive locomotor apparatus

2. Active locomotor apparatus.

57
Q

Passive locomotor apparatus

A

Composed of the skeleton reinforced by cartilages and ligaments.

58
Q

Active lovcomotor apparatus

A

Comprises the muscular system together with tendons of the muscles.

59
Q

Function of the active locomotor apparatus

A

Provides the means of movement of individual body parts eg limbs, trunk, head.

60
Q

Level of organisation of mammalian body

A

Cells–Tissues–Organs–Systems–Organism

61
Q

The four planes of a body

A
  1. Median plane
  2. Sagittal/Paramedian plane.
  3. Dorsal plane
  4. Transverse plane.

Veterinary Gross Anatomy (4 decks)

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