OSTEOLOGY OF LOWER LIMB (PARTS OF A DEVELOPING LONG BONE) Flashcards
What is the primary function of long bones?
To support the weight of the body and facilitate movement.
True or False: Long bones are primarily composed of cartilage in their early development.
True.
What is the name of the shaft of a long bone?
Diaphysis.
Fill in the blank: The ends of a long bone are called ______.
Epiphyses.
What type of tissue primarily makes up the epiphysis of a developing long bone?
Spongy bone.
What is the name of the growth plate found in long bones?
Epiphyseal plate.
What is the role of the periosteum in long bones?
It provides a surface for muscle attachment and contains blood vessels and nerves.
True or False: The medullary cavity is found within the diaphysis of a long bone.
True.
What is the function of the medullary cavity?
To store bone marrow.
Which type of bone marrow is primarily involved in the production of blood cells?
Red bone marrow.
What type of bone is primarily found in the diaphysis of a long bone?
Compact bone.
Fill in the blank: The outer layer of a long bone is covered by a membrane called the ______.
Periosteum.
What is the primary mineral found in the matrix of bone?
Calcium phosphate.
True or False: Osteoblasts are responsible for bone resorption.
False.
What is the function of osteoclasts?
To break down bone tissue.
Which cells are responsible for the formation of new bone?
Osteoblasts.
What is the term for the process of bone formation?
Ossification.
Fill in the blank: The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone is known as ______.
Endochondral ossification.
What is the role of chondrocytes in developing long bones?
To produce cartilage.
True or False: Long bones continue to grow in length until adulthood.
True.
What is the significance of the epiphyseal line?
It indicates the completion of bone growth.
What happens to the epiphyseal plate during puberty?
It begins to close and is replaced by bone.
What is the term for the end of a long bone that articulates with other bones?
Articular surface.
Fill in the blank: The inner surface of the medullary cavity is lined by a tissue called ______.
Endosteum.
What type of bone structure is characterized by a honeycomb-like appearance?
Spongy bone.
True or False: The periosteum is involved in the healing process of bones.
True.
What are the small channels that connect osteocytes called?
Canaliculi.
Fill in the blank: The primary purpose of the nutrient artery is to supply ______ to the bone.
Blood.
What is the primary type of cartilage found in the growth plate?
Hyaline cartilage.
What is the term used to describe the process of bone remodeling?
Bone turnover.
True or False: Long bones are formed entirely from cartilage before birth.
False.
What role do osteocytes play in bone maintenance?
They help to maintain bone tissue and communicate with other bone cells.
Fill in the blank: The strength of a long bone is largely due to its ______ structure.
Compact.
What is the primary function of the articular cartilage?
To reduce friction and absorb shock at joint surfaces.
What process allows for the increase in bone width?
Appositional growth.
True or False: Cartilage remains in some areas of the long bone throughout life.
True.
What type of bone is found primarily in the epiphysis of long bones?
Spongy bone.
Fill in the blank: The ______ provides the framework for the attachment of muscles to bones.
Periosteum.
What is the role of growth hormone in bone development?
It stimulates growth and development of bone and cartilage.
What is the term for the area where two bones meet in a joint?
Articulation.
True or False: The diaphysis is the site of hematopoiesis.
False.
What is the primary function of the medullary cavity?
To store fat in yellow bone marrow.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the bone.
Periosteum.
What is the term for the process of bone formation from fibrous tissue?
Intramembranous ossification.
True or False: Long bones can only grow in length.
False.
What is the role of calcitonin in bone health?
It helps to lower blood calcium levels by promoting bone formation.
What is the name of the cavity that contains bone marrow?
Medullary cavity.
Fill in the blank: The ______ allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste between bone cells and blood.
Canaliculi.
What is the primary role of the endosteum?
To line the medullary cavity and support bone growth and repair.
True or False: Long bones are only found in the limbs.
True.
What is the term for the process by which bones heal after a fracture?
Bone healing process.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area of the long bone where growth occurs during childhood.
Epiphyseal plate.
What is the main component of the bone matrix?
Collagen fibers and mineral salts.
True or False: Osteoblasts can transform into osteocytes.
True.
What structure connects the diaphysis to the epiphysis?
Metaphysis.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the long bone that is responsible for its strength and rigidity.
Diaphysis.
What type of cells are involved in bone resorption?
Osteoclasts.
True or False: The epiphyseal plate is present in fully grown adults.
False.
What is the primary purpose of spongy bone?
To provide strength while minimizing weight.
Fill in the blank: The ______ serves as the site of muscle and ligament attachment.
Periosteum.
What is the significance of the nutrient foramina?
They allow blood vessels to enter the bone.
