Osteology of Head and Neck

Question 1

Bones of the skull

Answer 1

There are 22 bones excluding the ossicles (Malleus, Incus and Stapes) of the ear

Upper part is called the cranium
Lower part is called the lower facial skeleton (lower anterior section)

Question 2

Calvaria

Answer 2

Has paired temporal and parietal bones
Unpaired frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and occipital bones

Question 3

Facial skeleton bones

Answer 3

Nasal bones, palatine bones, lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, maxilla, inferior nasal conchae and the vomer

Question 4

Important landmarks of the Forehead

Answer 4

Frontal bone
Superciliary arches
Glabella
Supra Ortbital Notch

Question 5

Landmarks of the Zygomatic bone and Nose

Answer 5

Frontal nasal suture
Nasion
Frontal process of the maxilla
Piriform aperture
Nasal crests
Nasal septum
Anterior nasal spine
Paired inferior nasal conchae

Question 6

Mandible

Answer 6

Consists of the body of the mandible (anteriorly) and the ramus of the mandible (posteriorly)

Body of mandible and ramus meet at the angle of the mandible

Body of mandible is divided into two parts

1. Base of mandible (lower part)
2. Alveolar part (upper part)

The left and right sides of the mandible meet at the mental protuberance

Question 7

Important landmarks

Answer 7

Oblique line - passes from the front of the ramus unto the body of the md.
Point of attachment for the buccinator muscles

Coronoid process - point of attachment for the temporalis muscle

Condylar process- involved in articulation of the mandible with the temporal bone

Lingual- attachment for the mandibular end of the sphenomandibular ligament

Mylohyoid line- mylohyoid muscle and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle attachment points

Question 8

Sphenoid bone

Answer 8

Foramen lacerum- internal carotid artery after leaving the carotid canal and the Auditory nerve

Foramen ovale- mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 9

Temporal bone

Answer 9

External acoustic meatus
Carotid canal
Stylomastoid foramen- facial nerve

Question 10

Occipital bone

Answer 10

Foramen magnum- medulla oblongata
-accessory nerves
-vertebral arteries

Jugular Foramen- Glossopharyngeal, Vagus nerve, Accessory nerves (N, IX, X, XI)