Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S3 AHNNAS > Osteology And Radiographic Appearance Of The Skull > Flashcards

Osteology And Radiographic Appearance Of The Skull Flashcards

1
Q 
What are the following:
Fossae
Canals 
Foramina 
Fissures
A

Fossae- shallow depressions

Fissures - narrows slits

Round holes - foramina

Narrow slits- fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium? What did they develop from?

A

8 bones

Calvaria (skull cap/ vault) - begin as membranes (intramembranous ossification)

Floor/ base begin as cartilage (endochondrial ossification)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many bones make up the viscerocranium? What did they develop from?

A

14 bones

Facial skeleton and jaw

Begin as membranes or cartilage and ossify

Structures mostly develop from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bones make up the neurocranium?

A

Anterior = frontal

Inferior to frontal and lateral= sphenoid bone

Posterior = parietal

Inferior to parietal= temporal

Most posterior = occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates the parietal bones?

A

Sagittal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What separates the parietal bones from the occipital bone?

A

Lambdoid suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the coronal suture and Sagittal suture meet? What did this develop from and at what age?

A

Bregma

In newborn it’s a gap filled with fibrous tissue - anterior fontanelle

Changes from 18months - 2yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do the Sagittal suture and lambdoid suture meet? What did this develop form and at what age?

A

Lambda

From the posterior Fontanelle - gap filled with fibrous tissue until 1-3months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of fontanelles?

A

Areas of membrane between flat bones of calvaria which allow for alteration of skull size and shape during childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Rare condition where there is early fusion of fontanelles and sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can inspection and gentle palpation of the anterior fontanelle tell you about a newborn/ infant?

A

If bulging can mean ICP is high

If sunken can mean dehydrated

Normal baby should be slightly convex

Used alongside other signs and symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the trilaminar arrangement of bones in the calvaria? What’s the purpose of this arrangement?

A

Compact bone for outer table

Spongy bone = diploe (middle)

Compact bone is inner table

Confers protective strength without adding significant weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the periosteum arrangement on the calvaria bones. What can occur between the periosteum and dura mater?

A

Covers the outer table of skull bones, strongly adhered to the edges and continuous through suture and onto inner table of the same bone

(All the way around the bone)

An extradural haemorrhage can occur where a bleed from most commonly the medial meningeal artery strips periosteum from inner table but is too strong to strip the edges of suture so stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What bone(s) form the anterior cranial floor only?

A

Frontal bone up to orbital plates

Ethmoid bone (separates nasal cavity from brain) a.k.a Cribriform plate and cribriform foramina

(Sphenoid also)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What bones from the anterior and middle cranial floor?

A

Sphenoid bone
Anterior: lesser wings
Middle: Lesser and greater wings, Dorsum sella and sella turcica (where pituitary gland sits)

17
Q

What bones form the middle and posterior cranial fossa?

A

Temporal bones

Squamous part
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
Petrous bone

Slide 19

18
Q

What bone(s) form the posterior cranial floor only?

A

Occipital bone

External occipital protuberance

Superior nuchal lines

Foramen magnum

Slide 21

19
Q

2 types of skull cranial vault fractures

A

Linear- straight, no bone displacement

Comminuted - multiple fractures lines, fragments may displace inwards towards the brain (depressed or non-depressed)

20
Q

Where is the most likely place to fracture your cranial vault and what structure could this damage?

A

Pterion- thinnest area of skull

Underlying is middle meningeal artery

Blows to side of head can fracture bone -> intracranial extra-Dural haemorrhage

21
Q

What is a skull base fracture called and what are some signs this has occurred?

A

Basilar fracture

Rarer

Raccoon eyes - bilateral periorbital ecchymosis

Battle sign- bruise behind ear

Haemotympanum - Blood in tympanic cavity of middle ear

22
Q

What bones make up the facial skeleton?

A

Lateral superior - 2 zygomatic bones

Inferior- mandible

Central - maxilla

Above nose- nasal

Inner eyes- lacrimal

23
Q

What facial fractures can occur?

A

Supraorbital ridge of frontal bone (superior orbital fossa) very tough so can splinter skin

Fractures of nasal bones, zygomatic bone and arch, mandible (always fractures at 2 places) are common

Maxillae fracture is rare

24
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint divided into two synovial cavities by fibrocartilaginous disc

25
Q

What conditions can occur at the TMJ? What’s its innervation?

A

TMJ disorder (pain often in ear, jaw, lateral side of head

Dislocation (yawning or blow to side of jaw)

Arthritis

Innervated by auriculotemporal Nerve (mandibular division of trigeminal N) Vc

26
Q

What parts of the temporal and mandible bone make up the TMJ? What stabilises it?

A

temporal:Articular tubercle
Mandibular/ glenoid fossa

Fibrocartilaginous disc central between two synovial cavities filled with synovial fluid

Mandibular: Mandibular condyle

Stabilised by a joint capsule and 3 EXTRACAPSULAR ligaments

27
Q

What two movements are involved in depression of the mandible and where do these occur? What muscles are involved?

A

Depression: hinge/ rotational action at inferior half of joint cavity

Gliding forward action at superior half of joint capsule- condyle slides onto articular tubercle

Lateral pterygoid against resistance

28
Q

Where does retraction and protraction take place in the TMJ? What muscles are involved?

A

Gliding action at superior joint capsule

Retraction: posterior fibres of temporalis

Protrusion/ protraction: lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

29
Q

Which muscles are involved in elevation of the mandible at the TMJ joint?

A

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

30
Q

Which muscles are involved in grinding of the mandible?

A

Lateral and rotational movement, alternate protrusion and retraction

Muscles of 2 sides working co-operatively (lateral pterygoids laterally deviate mandible)

31
Q

How does dislocation of the TMJ occur?

A

Yawning/. Bow to side of jaw

Jaw locks as joint fixes in open position due to anterior dislocation of condyle over the articular tubercle

Contraction of muscles around joint keep joint locked in anterior displacement

S3 AHNNAS (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions