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Functional Anatomy > Osteology and Arthrology > Flashcards

Osteology and Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

accessory motion

A

movement of a joint’s articulating surface relative to each other

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2
Q

amphiarthrotic joints

A

joint surrounded by a pliable structure such as ligament or fibrocartilage

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3
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

division of the skeleton comprised of the bones of the shoulder girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle and lower limb

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4
Q

arthrology

A

the study of joints

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5
Q

attachment sites

A
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6
Q

axial skeleton

A

division of skeleton comprised of the bones of the head and trunk, including the skill and associated bones, hyoid, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

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7
Q

ball and socket joints

A

synovial joint characterized by a spherical head on one bone fitting into a round cavity on another

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8
Q

biaxial

A

able to move in two planes of motion

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9
Q

calcium

A

mineral that is stored in bones, making up their cement along with phosphate. it is utilized in several chemical processes in the body: maintaining acid-base balance of the blood, transmitting nerve, impulses, assisting in muscle contractions, maintaining blood pressure, and initiating blood clotting following injury

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10
Q

Canaliculi

A

tiny canals that radiate form the central Haversian canals and bring microscopic blood vessels and nerve branches to outlying osteocytes

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11
Q

catilaginous joints

A

slightly moveable joints with cartilage seperating the articular surfaces of adjacent bone

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12
Q

Compact bone

A

dense portion of bone made up of concentric lamellar osteons and interstitial lamellae

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13
Q

concave

A

rounded inward

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14
Q

convex

A

rounded outward

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15
Q

Convex-concave rule

A

rule that governs the direction of accessory motions roll and glide and states that the shape of the joint surface will determine movement: glide will occur in the same direction as rolling when a concave surface is moving on a fixed convex surface and gliding and rolling will occur in opposite directions if a convex surface is moving on a fixed concave surface

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16
Q

depressions

A

basins and channels in bone that house muscles, tendons, nerves, and vessels

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17
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone made up of compact bone with yellow bone marrow filling the center

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18
Q

diarthrotic joints

A

joint characterized by large joint cavity

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19
Q

ellipsoid joints

A

synovial joint characterized by oval-shaped joint surfaces that resemble flattened circles or ellipses

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20
Q

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

A

region where the epiphysis of a long bone meets the diaphysis

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21
Q

epiphyses

A

bumpy end of along bone that is composed of spongy bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone

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22
Q

fibrous capsule

A

outer portion of a synovial joint capsule that provides stability and protection for the joint

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23
Q

fibrous joints

A

stable union between bones with minimal joint cavity and collagen-dense connective tissue holding bones tightly together

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24
Q

Glide

A

accessory motion that occurs when a point on one bony surface comes in contact with a series of points on another

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25
Q

Gliding joints

A

synovial joint characterized by a flat articulating surfaces that allow small, planar movements

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26
Q

gomphoses

A

specific fibrous joints at which teeth fit into sockets in the jaw

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27
Q

Haversian canals

A

longitudinal canals that allow blood vessels and nerves to traverse compact bone

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28
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow

29
Q

hinge joints

A

synovial joint characterized by a cylindrical prominence on one bone that fits into a corresponding depression on another

30
Q

joint cavity

A

space between articulating surfaces of bone

31
Q

joint play

A

the amount of slack or give in the joint capsule and ligaments that surround a joint

32
Q

joints

A

place of union between bones

33
Q

lamellae

A

concentric circles of laccunae wrapped around central Haversian canals

34
Q

lucanae

A

tine cavities within the bone matrix that house osteocytes

35
Q

medullary cavity

A

central cavity of a long bone diaphysis that contains bone marrow

36
Q

nonaxial joint

A
37
Q

openings

A

holes and channels in bone that allow passage of nerves, vessels, muscles, and tendons. they also create air filled cavities called sinuses

38
Q

ossification

A

process where hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone tissue produced by osteoblasts

39
Q

osteoblasts

A

fibroblasts that secrete the proteins that make up the fivers in the extracellular matrix of bone

40
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone cells that break down old bone

41
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cell

42
Q

Osteology

A

the study of bones

43
Q

Osteon

A

functional unit of bone comprised of the lamellae and Haversian canals (system)

44
Q

periosteum

A

dense connective tissue that surrounds bone, nourishing and protecting it

45
Q

phosphate

A

mineral that is stored in bones, making up their cement along with calcium

46
Q

physiological movements

A

gross movement of joints through the cardinal planes

47
Q

pivot joints

A

synovial joint characterized by a cylindrical segment of bone that fits into a corresponding cavity of another

48
Q

projections

A

a bump found on a bone that helps form joints

49
Q

red bone marrow

A

loose connective tissue found in the interior cavity of certian types of bones where blood cells are made

50
Q

rolling

A
51
Q

saddle joints

A

synovial joint characterized by two bony surfaces that are concave in one direction and convex in the other

52
Q

sesamoid bone

A

bone that is encased in tendon and functions to improve the leverage and strength of muscles that it contacts

53
Q

short bones

A

cube-shaped bones composed mainly of spongy bone that allow fine, gliding movements

54
Q

spin

A

accessory motion that occurs when one surface rotates clockwise or counterclockwise around a stationary longitudinal axis

55
Q

Spongy bone tissue

A

a three-dimensional latticework of porous bony tissue filled with red bone marrow

56
Q

sutures

A

continuous periositeal connections between bones

57
Q

synarthrotic joints

A

joints where articulating surfaces are very close together

58
Q

syndesmoses

A

fibrious joints held together with cord or a sheet of connective tissue

59
Q

synostosis

A

osseous union between the bones forming a joint

60
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricant found in bursae and synovial joint that decreases friction and creates gliding movements between structures

61
Q

synovial joints

A

most mobile type of joint characterized by having a joint capsule, large joint cavity an synovial fluid

62
Q

synovial membrane

A

inner portion of a synovial joint capsule that produces synovial fluid

63
Q

trabeculae

A

osseous struts that form and reform according to lines of stress and work like braces

64
Q

triaxial

A

able to move in all three planes of motion

65
Q

uniaxial joints

A

able to move in a single plane of motion

66
Q

Volkmann’s canals

A

channels that run perpendicular to the Haversian canals in compact bone and complete the pathway form the surface of the bone to its interior (also called perforating canals)

67
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Principle that describes the adaptations of bone as a result of stresses placed upon them, such as compression from gravity and tension from muscles and ligaments

68
Q

wormian bones

A

small, irregular bone found along the sutures of the cranium

69
Q

yellow marrow

A

Functional Anatomy (2 decks)

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