Osteology Flashcards
Components of bone?
- outer cortex (dense, compact)
- inner medulla (porous, spongy)
- bone marrow
Periosteum?
Fibrous connective tissue covering the bones, contains vasculature and innervation.
What is the process of bone growth?
Endochodrial ossification
Each bone is divided into…
-epithysis (head)
-epithyseal growth plate
-metaphysis
diaphysis (between two metaphyses)
Classes of bones?
flat (cranium) long (tubular - humerus) irregular (vertebrae) sesamoid (patella) short (carpals, tarsals)
Stages of bone healing?
- fracture
- callus formation
- callus remodelling
What bones constitute the axial skeleton?
-skull
neck
trunk
What bones constitute the appendicular skeleton?
pectoral girdle
upper limbs
pelvic girdle
lower limb
Bones of the skull?
frontal bone sphenoid bones parietal bones temporal bones occipital bone
Bones of the facial skeleton?
nasal bones
zygomatic bones (prominence of the cheek)
maxillas
mandible
How many vertebrae are there?
33 vertebrae:
- 7 cervical
- 12 throacic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral
- 4 coccygeal
Vertebra are made of…
vertebral body (bears weight) vertebral foramen (for spinal cord) vertebral arch (spinal cord protection) transverse processes spinous process superior and anterior articular processes
The first two cervical verterbrae?
Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2)
Ribs 1-7?
True ribs
Ribs 8-10?
False ribs
Ribs 11 and 12?
Floating ribs
What are the types of joints, in the order of decreasing stability (but increasing mobility)?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Examples of fibrous joints?
interosseous membrane
coronal suture
saggital suture
What is the function of fontanelles in neonates?
Allows bones of the skull to slide over each other, allowing passage of the baby’s head through the birth canal.
Examples of cartilaginous joints?
Long bone epiphyseal growth plates.
Intervertebral discs.
What are the features of synovial joints?
- bones covered with hyaline cartilage articulate with each other
- a capsule contains a joint cavity with synovial fluid
- supported by ligaments
- tendons of skeletal muscles provide movement
- bursae prevent firction
What are the 5 subtypes of synovial joints?
- pivot (atlanto-axial)
- ball and socet (hip)
- biaxial (metacarophalangeal)
- hinge (elbow)
- plane (acromioclavicular)
What is sublaxation?
Tear in ligament with recued area of contact between articular surfaces.
What is dislocation?
Tear of ligament coupled with complete loss of contact between articular surfaces.
