Muscles and movement Flashcards
1
Q
What do tendons do?
A
Attach muscles to bone.
2
Q
What is an aponeurosis?
A
A flattened tendon. Attaches muscle to soft tissue
3
Q
What reflexes are skeletal muscles involved in?
A
stretch reflex (knee jerk - contraction in response to stretching of muscle)
flexion withdrawal reflex (sudden flexion to withdraw from danger)
4
Q
What is the neuronal pathway involved in t tendon (stretch) reflexes?
A
Reflex arc:
- sensory nerves detect the stretch
- sensory signal travels to the spinal cord, where it synapses with the motor nerve directly
- motor nerve travels back to the muscle, signalling its contraction
5
Q
What does a successful stretch reflex report on?
A
functional:
- muscle
- sensory and motor fibres
- spinal cord connections
- neuromuscular junction
6
Q
What is muscle paralysis?
A
-muscle without motor nerve supply
7
Q
What is muscle spasticity?
A
- motor nerve supply to muscle is functional
- descending control from the brain is faulty
- decreased muscle tone is common
8
Q
Atrophy?
A
muscle wasting - reduction in muscle fibre/myocyte size
9
Q
Hypertrophy?
A
Increase in myocyte size
10
Q
What is compartment syndrome?
A
Swelling of tissue or bleeding affects muscle or nerve function.
-treat with fasciotomy
