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Spinal Anatomy > Osteology > Flashcards

Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two bone forms

A

Cortical (compact) and Cancellous (spongy)

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2
Q

Describe a compact bone

A

Solid mass of hard dense mineralized bone.

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3
Q

Where is compact bone found

A

Around the periphery of bones. It is the weight bearing portion of the bone

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4
Q

Describe the Cancellous bone

A

Composed of a mineralalized network of bony plates (trabeculae) that forms a meshwork resembling a sponge

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5
Q

Where are the trabeculae located and what does it contain

A

Located in center of bone and contains fat and/or blood forming tissues

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6
Q

What are the 5 classifications of bones

A
  1. Long bones, short bones, flatbones, sesamoid bones, irregular bones.
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7
Q

Where are long bones located

A

In the limbs

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8
Q

What are the long bones composed of

A

Diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal plate, metaphysis

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9
Q

diaphysis

A

Tubular shaft

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10
Q

epiphysis

A

Two end regions, distal and proximal, of the bone

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11
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Separates the diaphysis and the epiphyses. This is where growth takes place as the bone increases in length

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12
Q

metaphysis

A

The part of the diaphysis that lies adjacent to the epiphyseal

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13
Q

Describe short bones

A

Roughly cuboidal in shape and re composed of Cancellous bone

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14
Q

Where are shorts bones located

A

Found in the hands and feet

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15
Q

What are flat bones composed of

A

Ribs, sternum, calvarium of the skull. Composed of inner and outer layer of compact bone separated by cancellous

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16
Q

True or false. Is the Scapula and clavicle flat bones

A

true

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17
Q

Where are sesamoid bones developed

A

Within muscle tendons that rub over bony suirfaces

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18
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

A

patella

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19
Q

Describe irregular bones

A

Odd shaped bones that do not fall into any of the above groups

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20
Q

What are irregular bones composed of

A

An outer layer of compact bone and in interior composed of spongy bone

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21
Q

Give an example of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, particular bones of the skull and pelvic bones

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22
Q

What are the two classifications of the skeletal system

A

Axial and appendicular

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23
Q

How many bones are in the adult axial skeleton

A

80

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24
Q

How many bones in the adult axial bones in the skull

A

22

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25
Q

How many bones in the adult axial of the ossicles of the middle ear

A

6

26
Q

How many bones in the adult axial skeleton of the hyoid bone

A

1

27
Q

How many in the vertebral column.list

A

26, cervical spine 7, thoracic spine 12, lumbar spine, 12, lumbar spine 5, Sacrum 1, coccyx 1

28
Q

How many bones in the sternum of the adult axial skeleton

A

1

29
Q

How many ribs in the adult axial skeleton

A

24 (12 pairs)

30
Q

How many bones in the adult Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones

31
Q

How many bones in the upper extremity of the adult Appendicular skeleton

A 
64
scapula=2
clavicle=2
humerus=2
radius=2
ulna=2
carpals=16
metacarpals=10
phalanges=28
32
Q

How many bones in the lower extremity of the adult Appendicular skeleton

A 
62
O's coxae (innominate bone)=2
femur=2
tibia=2
fibula=2
patella=2
tarsals=2
metarsals=10
Phalanges=28
33
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column

A

Protection, stabilization, support and weight bearing, shape and position of curves, skeletal formation, resiliency, mineral production

34
Q

What are the components of the vertebral column

A

Spinal column consists of all vertebrae, spine consists of all true vertebrae

35
Q

How many vertebrae in adult

A

26, 24 true and 2 false

36
Q

How many vertebrae in children

A

33, Sacrum is not fused and is 4 segments

37
Q

How long is the male spinal column

A

71 cm

38
Q

How long is the female spinal column

A

61 cm

39
Q

Discs make up ____ of the spinal column

A

1/4

40
Q

How many discs are in the spine vs the spinal column

A

23 vs 24

41
Q

Where does the first disc begin

A

c2 and c3

42
Q

Are there any discs between occiput and c1 bad c2

A

No-it allows for greater movement in joint

43
Q

Where are the primary curves in the spine? What other names do they go by?

A

Seen in thoracic and Sacral regions, AKA kyphosis curve, AKA accomadating curve (bc they are in areas that accommodate visceral organs) convexed posteriorly

44
Q

Where are the secondary curves? What other names do they go by?

A

In cervical and lumbar region-develop as we grow, AKA lordotic, AKA compensatory, convexed anteriorly.

45
Q

What forms the intervertebral foramina

A

Formed by superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch of the vertebrae that are on the pedicles

46
Q

What are the typical characteristics of a vertebrae

A

1 body, 2 pedicle, 2 lamina, 4 articular processes, 2 transverse processes, 1 spinout process

47
Q

What are the Atypical cervical vertebrae

A

c1, c2, c7

48
Q

What are the Atypical thoracic vertebrae

A

T1, T9, T10, T11, T12

49
Q

What are the Atypical vertebrae for the lumbar

A

L5

50
Q

What is another name for the axis

A

epistropheus

51
Q

What is the vertebral foramen called before birth

A

Neural foramen, or neural rings

52
Q

What is pedicogenic

A

Congenitally shortening of the pedicle that cause a narrowing of the vertebral canal that result in the impingement upon the spinal l cord

53
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

Pedicle are congenitally elongated, may cause the vertebrae to slip anteriorly

54
Q

What is another name for articular processes

A

zygopophyses

55
Q

What shape is the body of a cervical vertebrae

A

oval

56
Q

What are the 2 superior lateral lips called on a cervical vertebrae

A

unicinate processes

57
Q

What does the uncinate processes prevent

A

Lateral displacement of the vertebrae

58
Q

What is hypertrophy

A

whenuncinate processes grow upward in the IVF resulting in foramina enroachment

59
Q

Where are uncinate processes found

A

c3 through c7

60
Q

Where are the joints of von lushcka found

A

c2/c3 and c6/c7

61
Q

What is the shape of te vertebral foramen in a cervical vertebrae

A

Triangular, and the largest one in the spine

Spinal Anatomy (2 decks)

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