Osteology

Question 1

functions of a bone (5)

Answer 1

supports movement of body by providing framework and attachment for muscles.
- protects vulnerable structures (brain, spinal cord, organs)
- Mineral homeostasis (phosphorus & calcium)
- Synthesis of blood cells (heamatopoiesis- formation of rib)
- Triglyceride storage

Question 2

What is compact/cortical bone composed of 3 layers?

Answer 2

Compact bone tissue is composed of repeating structural units called osteons or haversian systems.

Each osteon consists of concentric lamellae arranged around a haversian canal.

Between the concentric lamellae are small spaces called lacunae which contain osteocytes.

Question 3

What is cancellous bone made out of

Answer 3

2 types of bone spongy on inside compact on outside cemented together by bony matrix

Question 4

How is the haversian canal positioned what surrounds it?

Answer 4

in middle with lamellae rows of cells around the edge and lacunae containing osteocytes

Question 5

What is an osteon?

What does it consist of?

Answer 5

functional main unit of the bone

Each osteon consists of concentric lamellae arranged around a haversian canal

Question 6

What is the periosteum?

Answer 6

outer layer of bone

Question 7

What is spongy trabecular lattice?

Answer 7

Spongy(trabecular) cancellous is a lattice of thin threads of bone. Less dense and aligned to tissue load

Question 8

Where do bones ossify into?

Answer 8

As go through life span bones ossify into cartilage space

Question 9

What happens to bone density at an early age?

Answer 9

Early age- rapid bone growth lots of minerals in bones

Question 10

What happens to bone density at peak age

Answer 10

Peak bone mass 20-30- if have good lifestyle bone density likely to be less fragile in later stages

Question 11

What happens to bone density as age increases past peak? What does this cause?

Answer 11

Over time bone mass decreases imbalance in bone building cells and bone breaking cells

Question 12

What does menopause cause?

Answer 12

Females once oestrogen is cut of in menopause bone mineral density decreases

Question 13

How can we influence bone formation?

Answer 13

Bone formation follows a pattern we can influence this in the certain activity’s we do the process of moving cartilage towards bony tissue

Question 14

what is the periosteum made out of?

Answer 14

It is composed of an outer fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue and an inner osteogenic layer that consists of cells.

Question 15

Periosteum roles

Answer 15

• Protects bone
  
  • Assists in fracture repair
  • Helps nourish the soft tissue
    
    • Serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons

Question 16

what attaches the periosteum to underlying bone?

Answer 16

by perforating fibres (sharpeys fibres), thick bundles of collagen that extend from the periosteum into the bone extracellular matrix