Osteokinematics

Question 1

Osteokinematics

Answer 1

Describes the motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body

Question 2

The three cardinal planes of the body (osteokinematics)

Answer 2

Sagittal, frontal, horizontal (transverse)

Question 3

Sagittal plane (cardinal plane)

Answer 3

• Divides the body into left and right halves
• Typically, flexion and extension movement occur in the sagittal plane

Question 4

Frontal plane (cardinal plane)

Answer 4

• Divides the body into front and back sections
• Nearly all abduction and adduction motions occur in the frontal plane

Question 5

Horizontal (transverse) plane (cardinal plane)

Answer 5

• Divides the body into upper and lower sections
• Nearly all rotational movements such as internal and external rotation of the shoulder or hip and rotation of the trunk occur in the horizontal plane

Question 6

Anatomic position

Answer 6

Serves as a standard reference for anatomic descriptions, axis of rotation, and planes of motion

Question 7

Axis of rotation

Answer 7

• The pivot point about which joint motion occurs
• Always perpendicular to the plane of motion

Question 8

The three axes of rotation

Answer 8

Anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical (longitudinal)

Question 9

Anterior-posterior (axis of rotation)

Answer 9

Oriented in an anterior-posterior direction through the joint and allows movement to occur in the frontal plane

Question 10

Medial-lateral (axis of rotation)

Answer 10

Oriented in a medial-lateral direction through a joint and allows motion to occur in the sagittal plane

Question 11

Vertical (longitudinal) (axis of rotation)

Answer 11

Oriented in a vertical direction through a joint and allows motion to occur in the horizontal (transverse) plane

Question 12

Degrees of freedom

Answer 12

• Refers to the number of planes of motion allowed at a joint
• A joint can have 1, 2, or 3 degrees of angular freedom, corresponding to the three cardinal planes

Question 13

Body movements

Answer 13

• Flexion and extension
• Abduction and adduction
• Rotation - medial (internal) and lateral (external)
• Circumduction
• Supination and pronation
• Radial and ulna deviation
• Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
• Inversion and eversion

Question 14

Flexion (body movement)

Answer 14

To bend and bring surfaces closer together

Question 15

Extension (body movement)

Answer 15

To straighten and move surfaces apart

Question 16

Abduction (body movement)

Answer 16

Frontal plane movement away from the midline

Question 17

Adduction (body movement)

Answer 17

Frontal plane movement toward the midline

Question 18

Lateral (external) rotation (body movement)

Answer 18

Anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline

Question 18

Medial (internal) rotation (body movement)

Answer 18

Anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline

Question 19

Circumduction (body movement)

Answer 19

A circular motion through two planes

Question 20

Supination (body movement)

Answer 20

Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly

Question 21

Pronation (body movement)

Answer 21

Forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly

Question 22

Ulna deviation (body movement)

Answer 22

Medial hand movement toward the ulna

Question 23

Radial deviation (body movement)

Answer 23

Lateral hand movement toward the radius

Question 24

Dorsiflexion (body movement)

Answer 24

Sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upward

Question 25

Plantarflexion (body movement)

Answer 25

Sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward

Question 26

Inversion (body movement)

Answer 26

Frontal plane motion results in a medial-facing foot sole

Question 27

Eversion (body movement)

Answer 27

Frontal plane motion results in a lateral-facing foot sole