Osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is osteoarthritis characterized by?
Progressive destruction and loss of articular cartilage with an accompanying bone response
What type of joint is it the most common condition to affect?
Synovial joints
Which tissues in the joint are affected?
All the tissues
What part is most affected?
Articular cartilage
What type of process is osteoartheritis?
Metabolically active and dynamic which is mediated by cytokines
What are the main pathological features?
- Loss of cartilage
- Disordered bone repair - attempts repairs and develops osteophytes
What joints does OA most commonly affect in the hands?
PIP, PIP, Carpometacarpal joints - its spares the MCP joints usually
What are the bony swellings at the DIP and PIP joints called?
DIP = Heberden's nides PIP = Bouchard's nodes
What compartment of the knee is most affected?
Medial
Where is OA in the hip usually felt?
In the groin
Why is age a risk factor for OA?
- Cumulative effect of traumatic insult
- Decline in neuromuscular function
Apart from age what else is a risk factor for OA?
- Female
- Genetic predisposition
- Obesity
- Occupational
What are the signs of OA?
- Alteration in gait
- Joint swelling (bony enlargement, effusion, synovitis)
- Limited range of movement
- Deformities
- Tenderness
- Locking of the knee due to loose bodies
- Bony swelling (herberdens at DIP, bounchards at PIP)
What are the symptoms of OA?
- Pain
- Functional impairment
- Tenderness
What radiological features are seen in OA?
L - Loss of joint space O - Osteophyte formation S - Subcondral sclerosis S - Subcondral cysts A - Abnormalities of bone contour (gull wing appearance)
