Osteoarthritis Flashcards
Define osteoarthritis
Articulara cartilage thinning or loss
Name some risk factors for developing OA
- Age
- Female
- Obesity
- Previous injury/Inflammation/Muscle weakness
- Acromegaly
- Genetics
- Proprioceptive defects
- Crystal deposition
What are the symptoms of OA?
Pain on movement received by rest, <30 mins morning stiffness
Where can OA occur?
Hips, knees, lower back, fingers (DIPs)
Describe the early events in the pathogenesis of OA
Injury to chondrocytes and matrix leads to proliferation which increases proteoglycan synthesis leading to unsuccessful healing and disruption of smooth surface
What is the term used to describe the bone destruction that stretches into the deeper zone?
Fibrillation
Describe the late events in the pathogenesis of OA
cartilage loss leads to bone rubbing on bone leaving it thickened and polished. Cystic spaces with fibrous tissue are formed, the cartilage margin ossifies and inflammation occurs
What is the term used to describe the polishing of bone?
Eburnation
On examination what are the clinical signs of OA?
Hip - groin pain, radiating to knee, restricted movement
Hands - DIP/PIP Nodes, squaring of hand, 1st CMC joints
Knee - osteophytes, effusions, crepitus, restricted movement, virus/valgus, bakers cyst
Spine:
cervical - restricted movement of neck
lumbar - standing/walking pain
What are DIP/PIP nodes called?
DIP - heberdens nodes
PIP - bouchards nodes
In the spine what are two complications of OA
Stenosis and Impingement of nerves
How is OA diagnosed?
X-ray
What will an X-ray of OA show?
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Sub-chondral cysts
Sub-chondral sclerosis
How is OA managed?
Education and lifestyle are most important
Pharmacological
Non-pharmacological
Surgical
What are the non-pharmacological options for OA?
Physiotherapy, weight loss/exercise, occupational therapy, education
