Osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is the first feature?
Loss of cartilage
What is the second feature?
Remodelling of adjacent bone
What is the third feature?
Associated inflammation and pain
What causes it? (2)
Wear and tear of a joint or improper healing/remodelling of a joint after trauma
Which joints are affect? (3)
Knees, hips and small joints of the hands
What are the swellings known as?
Osteophytes-they are bony growths that form as the cartilage is worn down and cause pain
Is it common?
Yes it is one of the most common chronic conditions
Who does it affect?
Affects more females (3:1), and onset is typically above 50 years old
What are the risk factors? (10)
Genetics, age, female, obesity, high bone density, low bone density, joint injury, occupation/recreational stresses, reduced muscle strength, joint misalignment
Symptoms (6)
Activity related joint pain, pain worse in the evening after activity, pain relieved by rest, reduced function, reduced range of joint movement, grinding
Signs (4)
Joint swelling, crepitus, periarticular tenderness, bony deformitys
Differentials (6)
Bursitis, rheumatoid, septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, connective tissue diseases
Investigations (4)
Clinical examination, X-ray, Bloods (normal), Joint aspiration
Treatment (8)
Physiotherapy, regular paracetamol/topical NSAIDs, short term codeine or oral NSAID, Intra-articular steroid injection, Hot/cold packs, weight loss, walking aids, Joint Replacement
