osseous sx- regen Flashcards
Objectives of Bone Replacement Grafting
Regeneration* of lost periodontium new bone, cementum and periodontal ligament
Reduce or eliminate periodontal pockets
Indications for grafting (bone)
Defect type?
looks?
Teeth critical to?
anatomy?
GTR?
Deep vertical defects
Esthetic considerations
Teeth critical to prosthesis
When anatomy precludes other procedures
Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR)
Contraindications for grafting
Poor plaque control
Medically compromised
Poor maintenance compliance
pros of grafting
Restores lost periodontal tissue
Maintains teeth in healthy functional state
Enhances long term prognosis of teeth
Disadvantages of grafting
sensitve?
cost?
May require?
prediction?
wound closure?
post-op care?
Second surgical site?
Success decreases significantly in? dependent on?
Technique and material sensitive
Expensive (?)
May require two surgeries (?)
Unpredictable
Requires ideal wound closure
Longer, more frequent post-op care needed
Second surgical site sometimes required
Success decreases significantly in furcations and is defect-dependent
biologic responses of grafting
Osteogenic
Osteoconductive
Osteoinductive
Osteoproductive
osteogenic
viable osteoblasts are
transplanted
osteoconductive
scaffold for bone
formation
osteoinductive
release of material to induce bone formation (BMP)
osteoproductive
production of bone by
a biologic mechanism??
healing sequence of bone grafts
Incorporation (clot formation)
Revascularization
Resorption of graft material with release of factors (BMP) to induce bone formation
Bone formation
Bone remodeling and maturation
type of loss
vertical defect (>2.5mm)
how can a graft be done in a two wall defect?
use of membrane to act as a third wall
Vertical defect from root fx tx?
take that mf out
can we graft with furcation involvement?
not ideal, poor prognosis
Success in regen is dependent on?
defect, best success with three-wall defects
suprabony defect (horizontal) and regen
little to no success
Graft complications
No regeneration***
Sequestra
Root resorption (rare)
Donor site problems (at second site)
Infection (less than 1%)
Grafting Variables
scaling?
drug delivery?
Flap?
Intramarrow?
Hydration?
Root?
Use of?
Endodontics?
Smoking?
Pre-scaling or scaling at time of surgery
Local drug delivery before surgery
Flap design*
Intramarrow penetration*
Hydration of graft material
Root treatment or modification
Use of antibiotics
Endodontics and graft success= endo 1st
Smoking and graft success= no
intraoral bone sources
Cortical bone chips (no longer used)
Osseous coagulum**
Healing extraction socket (timing very important)
Chin or ramus block graft
exotoses?
extraoral bone sources
Iliac crest
Ribs
types of allografts
Freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA)
Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft
Solvent-treated (Puros®)
safety of allografts (HIV)
shown in HIV/AIDS donors
inductive ability of allografts based on?
based on amt BMP?
hydration allografts?
materials and amts?
controversies of allografts?
resorption of graft? BMP? did they kill Kennedy?
types of alloplasts
Calcium Sulfate (CapSet ®)
Calcium Phosphates: Beta tri-calcium phosphate (resorbable) and Hydroxyapatite (resorbable and non- resorbable
HTR®
Bioactive glass ceramics
CaSO4/Regeneration
rationale for adding it?
Rationale for adding calcium sulfate to FDBA
* Binds bone particles to prevent washout
* Accelerates bone formation by:
Enhancement of BMP
Providing a source of Ca ++ ions to aid in mineralization
bioactive glasses composed of:
silicon dioxide (45%),
calcium oxide (24.5%),
sodium oxide (24.5%)
phosphorus pentoxide (6%)
bioactive glass sizes
can be different, used by sales reps
Bioactive glass reported properties
- superior manageability
- hemostatic properties
- osteoconductive
- may act to retard epithelial downgrowth
types of xenografts
Bovine bone
Bovine bone with cell-binding peptide-15 attached
Fetal pig enamel matrix derivative to induce cementogenesis and bone formation
GTR will provide
provide
epithelial exclusion
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)
newer technique, concentration of growth factors
Addition of synthetically-produced Growth Factors
Recombinant human Platelet Derived Growth Factor (rhPDGF) added to beta tricalcium phosphate
Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein (rBMP) added to beta tri-calcium phosphate
Edentulous ridges ONLY
autograft
tissue from one site to another in same person
allograft
tissue from one individual to another
alloplast
inert material used for graph
xenograft
interspecies graft
composite graft
combo of grafts
how long until you can probe regen areas
6mo