Osseous Conditions of UE Flashcards
What is the most common pediatrics elbow fracture type?
supracondylar fracture
What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?
What is the etiology of this disease?
What populations are most at risk?
degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying subchondral bone
etiology is unknown but is associated with repetitive overhead or UE weight bearing activities such as throwing or gymnastics-perhaps repetitive trauma and/or vascular insufficiency
Men between ages 20 and 25
What is the typical presentation of Osteochondritis Dissecans?
What is typical treatment for OD?
Presentation:
- complaints of elbow pain (insidious, activity related onset that often consists of pain, stiffness, and possible effusion in the lateral aspect of dominant UE)
- early on loss of extension
- may have eventual catching, locking, grinding as loose bodies become present-can lead to significant disability
Treatment:
- relative rest/possible immobilization followed by gradual return to activities
- may require surgery for micro-fracture or drilling, fixation of lesion, debridement, OATS
What is a nightstick fracture?
How does it often occur?
midpoint fracture in ulna w/o other fractures being present
Often occurs from a direct blow to the ulna
What is a greenstick fracture?
How does it often occur?
incomplete fracture of one of the forearm bones due to flexibility of pediatric bones
-fracture occurs on traction side of the injury
often occurs during FOOSH in children
What is a Torus Fracture?
How does it often occur?
buckle fracture that occurs when the bony cortex is compressed and fails, but does not extend into the traction side of the bone (this is how it is differentiated from a greenstick fracture)
Often occurs during FOOSH in children
What is a Monteggia Fracture?
How does it often occur?
Proximal ulna fracture w/ dislocation of radial head
typically occurs when F))SH with elbow extended and forearm pronated
What is a Galeazzi Fracture?
How does it often occur?
distal (or middle) radius fracture w/ dislocation of the distal ulna at the wrist
typically occurs when FOOSH with forearm pronated
What is a Colles Fracture?
How does it often occur?
most common fracture of the wrist
fracture in distal radius, and results in dorsal angulation of the distal fragment, may also include fracture of ulnar styloid
MOI is typically FOOSH with wrist in extended position
What is a Smith’s fracture?
fracture of distal radius, and results in palmar angulation of the distal fragment
MOI: FOOSH with wrist flexed
What is the most common carpal fracture?
How does it typically occur?
What are the typical fracture locations?
Which location has the worst blood supply?
Scaphoid Fracture
FOOSH
distal pole-waist-proximal pole
proximal pole as it relies on retrograde blood flow from the radial artery which increases the risk for avascular necrosis
What are common clinical exam findings for scaphoid fractures?
- anatomic snuff box pain felt with ulnar deviation within 72 hours
- scaphoid tubercle tenderness at 2 weeks
What is a Boxer’s Fracture?
How does it often occur?
fracture of the 5th metacarpal (and less commonly the 4th metacarpal) and can be present anywhere along the shaft and usually involves displacement
often occurs as a result of hitting an object with a closed fist
What is a Bennet Fracture?
How does it often occur?
fracture of the 1st metacarpal (partial intra-articular)
typically results by trauma involving axial loading through the thumb
What is a Rolando Fracture?
How does it often occur?
fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal that results in 3 fragments of bone (fully intra-articular)
typically a result of trauma involving axial loading through the thumb
