Osseointegration:

Question 1

What does the term osseointegration mean? What other synonymous term has been suggested?

Answer 1

• Osseointegraton: Α functional and structural connection between living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant.
• Synonymous term: Functional Ankylosis (Rigid fixation of the implant in the jaw through bone formation directly on the implant surface)

Question 2

What tissue injuries are caused by the placement of a dental implant?

Answer 2

1. Incision of the mucosa.
2. The elevation of mucosal fap (separation of the periosteum from the bone cortex).
3. The osteotomy (preparation of the canal in the cortical and spongy parts of the bone).
4. The insertion of the implant into the canal.

Question 3

What events are included in the wound healing process after implant installation?

Answer 3

Question 4

Are there any differences in the osseointegration process between cutting and non-cutting implants?

Answer 4

Histo-morphometric differences during early stages of integration. No long term differences. Influence of other factors is more important

Cutng implants:

• Easier to obtain initial stability, which helps osseointegration.
• Not always true.
• Increased mechanical stress and bone resorption.

Non-cutng implants: Initial stability dependent on the bone preparation and quality

• The implants without self-cutting blades create a lateral compression with increased contact surface area and consequently improve the primary stability.

Question 5

Describe the phase of fibroplasia in the osseointegration.

Answer 5

The wound chamber is filled with granulation tissue. Provisional connective tissue is being formed by the mesenchymal cells

Question 6

What are the main characteristics of the bone modeling and remodeling phases?

Answer 6

Modeling:

• 1-4 weeks
• Up to osteoid and woven bone formation

Remodeling:

• 6-12 weeks
• Mineralized bone, bone marrow in the trabeculae

Question 7

What does the initial mechanical stability of an implant depend on?

Answer 7

1. Implant-bone contact (tight, area)
2. Bone quality
3. Bone quantity
4. Surgical technique
5. Implant design

Question 8

What is the first sign of osseointegration from a histological point of view?

Answer 8

Formation of woven bone on the implant surface

Question 9

At which phase is the osseointegration of the implant in the picture?
A) Bone modeling
B) Bone remodeling

Answer 9

B) Bone remodeling