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Vet Physiology > Osmosis, Tonicity, and Pressures > Flashcards

Osmosis, Tonicity, and Pressures Flashcards

1
Q

What is osmosis?

A

FLOW OF WATER across a semipermeable membrane DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN SOLUTE CONCENTRATION (membrane blocks movement of solute)

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2
Q

what do concentration difference in solutes cause?

A

causes difference in osmotic pressure, which will cause osmosis

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3
Q

most important point about osmosis?

A

osmosis is NOT simply diffusion of water; it occurs because of a pressure difference!

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4
Q

what is osmotic pressure (pulling pressure)?

A
  • created by DIFFERENCE IN SOLUTE CONCENTRATION across a semipermeable membrane (impermeable to certain solutes)
  • measure of tendency of solution to pull in water (solvent) by osmosis
  • also refers to the act of hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis
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5
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure (pushing pressure)?

A

pressure exerted by stationary fluid at equilibrium- causes water/fluid to move or be pushed
- pressure exerted by a stationary fluid -> more pressure to move creates a driving force

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6
Q

why are osmotic and hydrostatic pressures very important in cells and blood vessels?

A

allow fluid exchange across capillaries

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7
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A
  • generally, this is the dominant pressure
  • fluid pressure usually causing water and some very small solutes to leave blood vessels
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8
Q

what is interstitial hydrostatic?

A

exerted by fluids between cells in tissue

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9
Q

what is blood hydrostatic?

A

exerted by fluid within blood vessels and is usually HIGH

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10
Q

hydrostatic pressure opposes…

A

osmotic pressure

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11
Q

what is osmotic pressure? (aka colloidal osmotic or oncotic pressure if referring to tissues and cells)

A

high osmolarity (many solute particles, high osmolarity) exerts high osmotic pressure to pull water into a space, such as a blood vessel

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12
Q

what do pressures favor overall?

A

favor filtration out of capillaries and into tissues

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13
Q

what are osmolar concentrations?

A

express the osmotic strength of solutions such as urine, plasma, NaCl

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14
Q

what is osmolarity?

A
  • concentration of osmotically active particles per liter of solution (ism/L or mOsm/L)
  • a 1 mmol/L NaCl solution would have an osmolarity of 2 mOsm/L
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15
Q

what is osmolality?

A
  • concentration of osmotically active particles expressed as osmoles/ kg WATER
  • osmolality functionally same as osmolarity
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16
Q

what is isosmotic balance?

A
  • solutions of equal solute concentrations, i.e., same osmolarity/equal osmotic pressures
17
Q

what happens to a normal cell placed in an isosmotic solution?

A

nothing should happen

18
Q

what is hyperosmotic balance?

A
  • refers to solution with higher concentration of solute, i.e., higher osmolarity compared to another solution
  • solution exerts more pressure
19
Q

what happens to a normal cell placed in a hyperosmotic solution?

A

water moves from cell- solution and cell shrivels

20
Q

what is hypo-osmotic balance?

A
  • refers to solution with lower concentration of solute, i.e., lower osmolarity compared to another solution
  • solution exerts less pressure
21
Q

what happens to a normal cell placed in a hypo-osmotic solution?

A

water moves into cell from solution, cell explodes

22
Q

what is tissue tone?

A

a measure of the effective osmotic pressure

23
Q

what is tonicity?

A

defined by the response of cells of tissues immersed in the solution

24
Q

a solution is ISOTONIC to cells/tissues…

A
  • if cells/tissues neither swell nor shrink when immersed in solution
  • no osmotic pressure difference between cell interior and extracellular solution
25
Q

a solution is HYPOTONIC to cells/tissues…

A
  • if cells/tissues swell when immersed in solution
  • more solutes inside cell (higher osmolarity) relative to extracellular environment, greater osmotic pressure inside cell
26
Q

a solution is HYPERTONIC to cells/tissues if…

A
  • cells/tissues shrink when immersed in solution
  • less solutes inside cell (lower osmolarity) relative to extracellular environment, greater osmotic pressure outside cell
27
Q

what is oncotic pressure?

A
  • aka colloid osmotic pressure
  • form of osmotic pressure SPECIFICALLY EXERTED BY PROTEINS, mostly albumin, within blood vessels
  • tends to pull water into blood vessels
  • opposes interstitial colloidal osmotic pressure (tissue proteins that want to pull water out of vessels)
28
Q

decrease in blood oncotic pressure=

A

edema

Vet Physiology (5 decks)

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