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Biology > Osmoregulation > Flashcards

Osmoregulation Flashcards

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0
Q

What does osmoregulation do?

A

Keeps H2o/ Ions/ wastes at tolerable levels

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1
Q

What organs are we talking about in humans with osmoregulation?

A

Kidneys/ excretory System

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2
Q

Is osmoregulation exclusive?

A

Not exclusive

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3
Q

Are all organs connected?

A

all organs are connected

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4
Q

What does waste contain?

A

Waste contains nitrogen

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5
Q

Do proteins have nitrogen?

A

yes proteins do have nitrogen

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6
Q

What should you think of when you hear amino acid?

A

Nitrogen

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7
Q

What is the cleave off of an amino group to use an amino acid called?

A

Deamination

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8
Q

What is invertebratess?

A

Deamination by digestive gland

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9
Q

What organ deaminates in vertebrates?

A

liver

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10
Q

what does the deamination of proteins and amino acid lead to?

A

the production of ammonia

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11
Q

Who excretes the very toxic ammonia?

A

Fish and a lot of aquatic organisms

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12
Q

What is excreted by humans, mammals, sharks and some fish?

A

Urea

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13
Q

Does it take more energy to excrete something less toxic?

A

yes

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14
Q

Is uric acid soluble in water?

A

no but is not toxic , can be excreted in solid form

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15
Q

Is uric acid found in a cleidoic egg?

A

yes

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16
Q

ES or excretory structure system uses at least 3 mechanisms

A

Filtration/osmotic pressure- forces body into ES via force or osmotic pressure. (pulls fluids into ES with high solute concentration.) Solutes=filtrate
Reabsorption/ Secretion - active transport of needed components back into body from ES.
Excretion-removal of unwanted compounds from body (urine)

17
Q

What is one of the most common invertebrate excretory systems?

A

Nephridium

18
Q

Why are there different types of ES among arthropods?

A

because of the different species

19
Q

Crustaceans use 3 processes which are?

A

Reabsorption excretion and filtration

20
Q

where do arthropods excrete out of

A

the nephridia pore

21
Q

what do insects and spiders have?

A

malpighian tubules found further behind the gastric seca filtration is absent

22
Q

where is reabsorption most in insects

A

the hindgut

23
Q

what is excreted in insects and spiders

A

pellet of both the feces and urine

24
Q

what are the two environmental habitats for vertebrate organisms?

A

salt water and freshwater

25
Q

What happens with the tonicity of organisms when they are in salt water?

A

hypertonic

26
Q

Does saltwater contain a lot of solutes in its environment?

A

yes

27
Q

Does freshwater have a lot of solutes inside?

A

yes

28
Q

what does salt water bring gain and loose?

A

lots of NaCl little h20
Brings in NaCl
Looses H20+ NaCl
Takes in water

29
Q

What does freshwater loose and gain and what does it have lots of?

A

lots of dilute urine, lots of H2O little NaCl
Looses NaCl
Gains H20 and NaCl

30
Q

What are pieces of the excretory structure?

A

Gills/Kidneys

31
Q

What forces excess water out of kidney in freshwater (copius urine)?

A

Filtration

32
Q

what does marine mean?

A

little urine

33
Q

Where are the kidneys located on a terrestrial vertebrate?

A

posterior

34
Q

how did terrestrial vertebrates evolve?

A

by evolving to conserve water/ salts. get rid of urea/ uric acid.

35
Q

in terrestrial vertebrates is the kidney outside of the coelom?

A

yes

36
Q

what is the bowman’s capsule?

A

capillaries in the form of a network called the glomerulus and the area around the glomerulus is the bowman’s capsule

37
Q

how many microscopic coiled tubes are in the kidneys?

A

approximately 2 billion

38
Q

What causes the solutes to filter into the bowman’s capsule and into the glomerulus?

A

pressure from the heart pumping

39
Q

where does a lot of reabsorption occur with terrestrial vertebrates?

A

the proximal tubal

40
Q

in a terrestrial vertebrate what will be passively and actively transported?

A

water will be moved passibely and salts and nutrients will be actively

41
Q

Will water always be a passive transport?

A

yes

Biology (6 decks)

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