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Network + > OSI And TCP/IP Models > Flashcards

OSI And TCP/IP Models Flashcards

1
Q

Network

A

Where two or more computer systems link together by some form of transmission medium, which allows them to share information.

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2
Q

Nodes and Links

A

Nodes are devices that communicate on the network and links are the communication pathways between them.

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3
Q

Local Area Network (LAN)

A

A network in a single location

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4
Q

Wide area network (WAN)

A

Networks in different geographic locations but with shared links

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5
Q

ISO stands for

A

International organization for Standardization

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6
Q

ISO developed what in 1977?

A

Open systems interconnection (osi)
Designed to aide understanding of how a network system works in terms of both hardware and software by separating the function s into layers.

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7
Q

Benefits to OSI layered approach

A

A vendor coupd essentially work on the design and debugging of one layer without affecting the others.

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8
Q

Protocol

A

Set of rules enabling systems to communicate by exchanging data in a structured format

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9
Q

Two important dunctions of a protocol:

A

To provide addressing (describe where the data should go)

Encapsulation (describe how data should be packaged for trasmission)

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10
Q

Basic process of encapsulation

A

The protocol adds fields in the header to whatever data (payload) it receives from an application or other protocol.

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11
Q

Same layer interaction

A

Communication between nodes at the same layer

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12
Q

Adjacent layer interaction

A

On each node, each layer provides services for the layer above and uses the services of the layer below to transmit or receive data.

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13
Q

What is a node?

A

Any device that can communicate on the network via one or more network interfaces

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14
Q

Another word for node is…?

A

Station

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15
Q

A host

A

A term used in TCP/IP networking to mean an end system, such as a computer

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16
Q

A link between network nodes is created using…

A

Some for of transmission or physical media.

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17
Q

Layer 1

A

Physical layer, responsible for transmission and receipt of bits from one node to another node.

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18
Q

A segment

A

Where all the nodes share access to the same media at the physical layer.

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19
Q

Physical layer specifies the following:

A

Physical topography - the layout of nodes and links as established by the transmission media

Physical interface - mechanical specifications for the network medium, such as cable specifications, the medium connector and pin-out details (number of functions of the various pins in a network connector), or radio rexeiver specifications.

Process of transmitting and receiving aignals over the network medium, including modulation schemes and timing/synchronization.

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20
Q

Transcievers

A

The part of the network interface that sends and receives signals over the network media.

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21
Q

Repeaters

A

A device that amplifies an electronic signal to extend the maximum allowable distance for a media type.

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22
Q

Hubs

A

A multiport repeater, deployed as the central point of connection for nodes

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23
Q

Media converters

A

A device that converts one media signaling type to another

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24
Q

Modems

A

A device that converts between digital and analog signal transmissions.

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25
Q

Devices that operate at the Physical Layer (1)

A

Transceivers

Repeaters

Hubs

Media converters

Modems

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26
Q

Layer 2

A

Data Link

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27
Q

Local addresses

A

The addresses of interfaces within the same network

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28
Q

Layer 2 (data link) layer is responsible for:

A

Transferring data between nodes on the same logical segment.

29
Q

A segment in the data layer (2) is where…

A

All the nodes can send traffic to one another using hardware addresses, regardless of whether they share access to the same media.
Also referred to as a logical topology

30
Q

A segment in the data link layer also called

A

Logical topology

31
Q

Frames

A

A stream of 1’s and 0’s arriving from the physical layer that the data link layerer organizes and structures.

32
Q

Ring-based topology uses what type of access method?

A

Token-passing

33
Q

Bus-based topology uses what type of access method?

A

Contention

34
Q

Layer 2 (data link) devices include:

A

Network adapters or network interface cards (NICs)

Bridges

Switches

Wireless access points (APs)

35
Q

A NIC…

A

Joins a host to network media (cabling or wireless) and enables it to communicate over the network by assembling5 and dissassembling frames.

36
Q

Bridges

A

joins two network segments while minimizing the performance reduction of having more nodes on the same network. A bridge has multiple ports, each of which functions as a network interface.

37
Q

Switches

A

An advanced type of bridge with many ports. A switch creates links between large numbers of nodes more efficiently.

38
Q

Wireless access points (APs)

A

allows nodes with wireless network cards to communicate and creates a bridge between wireless networks and wired ones.

39
Q

What is the IEEE?

A

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

a professional body that oversees the development and registration of electronic standards

40
Q

IEEE 802.3

A

defines how multiple network interfaces share a single transmission medium

41
Q

The IEEE splits the functions of the Data Link layer into what two sublayers:

A

Media Access Control (MAC) and Logical Link Control (LLC)

42
Q

Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer contains the following:

A

Logical topology—bus or ring.

Media access method—contention or token passing.

Addressing—the format for the hardware address of each network interface.

Frame format.

Error checking mechanism.

43
Q

IEEE 802.3 is based on

A

the Ethernet networking product, developed by the DIX consortium, consisting of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Intel®, and Xerox®. While the product name is not used in 802.3 standards documentation, it is otherwise universally referred to as Ethernet.

44
Q

Layer 3

A

The Network Layer

45
Q

The Network Layer (3) is responsible for:

A

moving data around a network of networks, known as an internetwork or the Internet

46
Q

How does the Network Layer (3) move information:

A

The Network layer transfers information between networks by examining the destination Network-layer address or logical network address, and routing the packet through the internetwork by using intermediate systems (routers). The packet moves, router by router (or hop by hop), through the internetwork to the target network. Once it has reached the destination network, the hardware address can be used to deliver the packet to the target node.

47
Q

Main appliance used in layer 3 (network layer)

A

the router. Other devices include layer 3 switches, which combine the function of switches and routers, and basic firewalls.

48
Q

A backbone describes

A

a fast link between other segments of a network. The backbone carries all the communications occurring between nodes in separate segments. High bandwidth backbone segments are used between the router and the switches.

49
Q

Layer 4

A

Transport Layer

50
Q

At the Transport layer (also known as the end-to-end or host-to-host layer),

A

the content of the packets starts to become significant. Any given host on a network will be communicating with many other hosts using many different types of networking data. One of the critical functions of the Transport layer is to identify each type of network application by assigning it a port number. For example, data from the HTTP web browsing application can be identified as port 80, while data from an email server can be identified as port 25.

51
Q

What does MAC stand for?

A

Media Access Control

52
Q

Aasigning ports happens in which layer?

A

Transport (layer 3)

53
Q

Which layer os responsible for reliable data delivery?

A

Transport (layer 4)

54
Q

Devices working at the Transport layer?

A

Multilayer switches

Intrusion detection systems (IDs)

55
Q

Layer 5

A

Session

56
Q

Sessions can work in three modes:

A

One-way/simplex—Only one system is allowed to send messages; the other only receives.
Two-way alternate (TWA)/half-duplex—The hosts establish some system for taking turns to send messages, such as exchanging a token.
Two-way simultaneous (TWS)/duplex—Either host can send messages at any time.

57
Q

Presentation Later (6)

A

transforms data between the format required for the network and the format required for the application.
For example, the Presentation layer is used for character set conversion

58
Q

Layer 7

A

Application layer

59
Q 
Layer 7 (Application)
The Application layer (Layer 7
A

provide an interface for software programs on network hosts that have established a communications channel through the lower-level protocols to exchange data. For example, one of the most-used services provided by the Application layer is file transfer. Different OSs and file systems may use entirely different file naming conventions and file formats, and the Application layer must overcome these differences

60
Q

Examples of application programming interfaces (APIs)

A

Network card drivers could use the Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) API to implement functions at the Data Link layer.
The Sockets/WinSock APIs implement Transport- and Session-layer functions.
High-level APIs implement functions for Application-layer services such as file transfer, email, web browsing, or name resolution.

61
Q

SMB

A

Server message block

62
Q

Internet layer

A

Housed within the Network layer.

Uses protocols Internet Protocol (IP) and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to facilitate the delivery of packets.

63
Q

Fragmentation

A

The capability of Internet Protocol dividing large messages into numerous small packets.
Resenting a packet is low cost because the size is small if something happens during transmission.

64
Q

Purpose of Internet Society (ISOC)

A

o encourage the development and availability of the Internet

65
Q

Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

A

the technical committee of ISOC and is responsible for setting Internet standards and publishing these standards as Requests for Comments (RFCs).

66
Q

Packet switching provides

A

the ability for one host to forward information to another using any available path. It is considered robust because it can automatically recover from communications link failures

67
Q

A circuit-switched path is designed so

A

Routers negotiate a link, then once the connection is established, all communications are forwarded along the same path. If this circuit were broken, the computers would stop communicating immediately

68
Q

Which layer does not add a header for payload?

A

Physical (layer 1)

Network + (4 decks)

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