OSHA and Infectious Disease

Question 1

HMR

Answer 1

Hazardous Materials Regulations

Question 2

Infectious substance transport is regulated under what Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR)?

Answer 2

(HMR; 49 CFR Parts 171-180)

Question 3

What governing agency administers the HMR?

Answer 3

US Department of Transportation (DOT)

Question 4

What three components should packaging consist of for “exempt human specimen” shipping?

Answer 4

1. leak-proof primary receptacle2. leak-proof secondary packaging3. an outer packaging of adequate strength for its capacity, mass, and intended use; and with at least one surface having minimum dimensions of 100 mm x 100 mm.

Question 5

What 6 items must be included as part of a laboratory QC program according to federal regulations (CLIA ‘88)?

Answer 5

1. follow manufacturer’s instructions2. have a procedure manual describing processes for testing.3. perform calibration procedures once every 6 months.4. perform control procedures using at least 2 levels of controls for each day of testing.5. document remedial action6. maintain QC records for 2 years.

Question 6

Describe Category A shipping of potentially infectious agents.

Answer 6

An infectious substance in a form capable of causing permanent disability of life-threatening or fatal disease in an otherwise healthy human or animal when exposure occurs.

Question 7

Describe Category B shipping for a potentially infectious substance.

Answer 7

An infectious substance not in a form generally capable of causing permanent disability of life-threatening or fatal disease in an otherwise healthy human or animal with exposure.

Question 8

List three exemptions to Category A and B Infectious Shipping regulations.

Answer 8

1. blood or plasma from individuals not suspected of having an infectious disease.2. blood, blood plasma, and blood components collected for the purpose of blood transfusion. should not be suspected of containing infectious substances.3. dried blood spots of specimens for fecal occult blood detection placed on absorbent filter paper or other material.

Question 9

What should all shipping container containing patient specimens for which there is minimal likelihood that pathogens are present be labeled with?

Answer 9

“Exempt human specimen”

Question 10

The shipping label “Exempt human specimens” is reserved for what type of sample?

Answer 10

patient specimens for which there is minimal likelihood that pathogens are present and the specimen is transported in appropriate three level packaging.

Question 11

Define the Hazardous Substances label UN 2814.

Answer 11

UN 2814 - Category A substance that can cause disease in both human and animals.

Question 12

What is the proper shipping name for a UN 2814 hazardous substance?

Answer 12

Infectious substance, affecting human

Question 13

Define the hazardious substances shipping label, UN 2900.

Answer 13

Category A substance that can cause disease only in animals.

Question 14

Define the hazardous substances label, UN 3373.

Answer 14

Category B substance which does not meet the criteria for inclusion in Category A.

Question 15

What is the proper shipping name for a UN 2900 substance?

Answer 15

Infectious Substance, Affecting Animals Only

Question 16

What is the proper shipping name for a UN 3373 substance?

Answer 16

Biological Substance, Category B

Question 17

If you are shipping a substance that is labeled Infectious Substance, Affecting Humans, what is the appropriate hazardous substances code?

Answer 17

UN 2814

Question 18

If you are shipping a substance with the label Infectious Substance, Affecting Animals Only, what hazardous substances code should be used?

Answer 18

UN 2900

Question 19

If you are shipping a substance that should be labeled Biological Substance, Category B, what hazardous substance code should be used?

Answer 19

UN 3373

Question 20

What labeling is required for each packaged shipped containing biological substances?

Answer 20

1. shipping name, address, and telephone number2. telephone number of person with knowledge about the shipment3. receiver’s name, address, and telephone number4. proper shipping hazardous substance name (category A or B) adjacent to diamond-shaped mark containing the UN designation.5. temperature storage requirements.

Question 21

True or False: Shipping packages can be reused.

Answer 21

True. All shipping containers to be reused must be disinfected and all previous shipping labels removed.

Question 22

True or False: Under CLIA ‘88, not all laboratories are required to implement a quality assurance program to monitor and evaluate the overall quality of lab services.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

OHSA

Answer 23

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 24

GHS

Answer 24

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

Question 25

What is GHS?

Answer 25

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals is a system for standardizing and harmonizing the classification and labelling of chemicals.

Question 26

The GHS document is also referred to as what?

Answer 26

The Purple Book

Question 27

What was the international madate?

Answer 27

The single most important driving force behind the creation of the GHS (Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals)

Question 28

When was the International Mandate, which was responsible for the creation of the GHS (Global Harmonized System of Classification of Chemicals) adopted?

Answer 28

1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)

Question 29

What is another name for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), where the International Mandate was created?

Answer 29

Earth Summit

Question 30

When was the first version of the GHS formally adopted?

Answer 30

December 2003

Question 31

When was the GHS first endorsed and by whom?

Answer 31

The GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals) was endorsed in July 2003 by the UN Economic and Social Council.

Question 32

UNCETDG

Answer 32

United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods

Question 33

UNCETDG

Answer 33

United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods

Question 34

ILO

Answer 34

International Labor Organization

Question 35

NAFTA

Answer 35

North American Free Trade Agreement

Question 36

ASTM

Answer 36

American  Society of Testing and Materials

Question 37

ANSI

Answer 37

American National Standards Institute

Question 38

What is the red square of the National Fire Protection Association color-coded shipping label?

Answer 38

Fire Hazard

Question 39

What would a 4 in the red diamond mean?

Answer 39

Very Flammable

Question 40

What would a 3 mean in the red diamond?

Answer 40

Readily Ignitable Fire Hazard

Question 41

What is a 2 in the red diamond mean?

Answer 41

Ignitable with heat fire hazard

Question 42

What does a 1 mean in the red diamond?

Answer 42

Combustible Fire Hazard

Question 43

What does a 4 mean in the blue diamond?

Answer 43

Deadly Health Hazard

Question 44

What is a 3 in the blue diamond mean?

Answer 44

Extreme Danger Health Hazard

Question 45

What is each color diamond?

Answer 45

Red -- Fire HazardBlue -- Health HazardYellow -- Reactivity HazardWhite -- Specific Hazard

Question 46

True or False: OSHA requires that laboratories maintain an accurate medicdal record for each employee.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

How long does OSHA require that Employee medical records be kept confidential and stored?

Answer 47

term of employment plus 30 years

Question 48

Are employee laboratory medial records transfered between facilities?

Answer 48

yes; designated by the Federal Occupational Health and Safety Administration

Question 49

What four items are required by OSHA regarding laboratory employee training records?

Answer 49

1. dates of training sessions; 2. contents and summary of the training;  3. names and qualifications of the person(s) conducting the training sessions;  4. names and job titles of lab personnel attending the training sessions

Question 50

How long must OSHA training records be stored?

Answer 50

3 years from the date of each training session

Question 51

What three components are required for the laboraties Hazard Communication Plan required by OSHA?

Answer 51

1. ensure that lables on incoming containers of hazardous materials are not removed or defaced;  2. maintain SDS and ensure they are readily accessible;  3. ensure that personnel are apprised of the hazards of the chemicals in the laboratory

Question 52

What three items must be determined by chemical manufacturers and/or distributors according to OSHA?

Answer 52

1. when a chemical is hazardous;  2. whether a chemical is a carcinogen or potential carcinogen;  3. the hazards of mixtures of chemicals

Question 53

What are the seven OSHA phrases used to classify hazardous substances?

Answer 53

1. carcinogen;  2. corrosive;  3. explosive;  4. flammable;  5. irritant;  6. sensitizer;  7. toxic

Question 54

True or False: OSHA requires that every laboratory have a written hazard communication program that is readily available to all laboratory personnel?

Answer 54

True; includes a list of chemicals, location of chemicals, and the physical/health hazards of each chemical.

Question 55

What are the five categories listed for the yellow Reactivity Hazard diamond?

Answer 55

4 - may detonate3 - shock and heat may detonate2 - violent chemical change1 - unstable if heated0 - stable

Question 56

What are the five categories of the red Fire Hazard diamond?

Answer 56

4 - very flammable3 - readily ignitable2 - ignited with heat1 - combustible0 - will not burn

Question 57

What are the five categories used in the blue Health Hazard diamond?

Answer 57

4 - deadly 3 - Extreme Danger 2 - Hazardous1 - Slightly Hazardous 0 - Normal Materials

Question 58

What would OXY mean in the White Specific Hazard diamond?

Answer 58

Oxidizer

Question 59

HCS

Answer 59

Hazardous Communications Standard

Question 60

What more recently adopted hazardous chemical labeling requirements has OSHA used to align with the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)?

Answer 60

Hazardous Communications Standard (HCS), 29 CFR 1910.1200

Question 61

What rule did OSHA publish in 1990 which requires laboratories to ensure that exposure to hazardous chemicals are within permissible exposure limits (PELs)?

Answer 61

Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories

Question 62

What are five examples in which one would need a chain of custody?

Answer 62

1. legal blood alcohol to prosecute DUI cases 2. DOT drug testing 3. paternity testing 4. DNA analysis 5. rape cases

Question 63

Name four common liquified compressed gases.

Answer 63

chlorine propane nitrous oxide carbon dioxide

Question 64

Name four common non-liquified compressed gases.

Answer 64

oxygen nitrogen helium argon

Question 65

Name the single most common dissolved compressed gas.

Answer 65

Acetylene

Question 66

Define flashpoint.

Answer 66

the lowest temperature at which the vapor can be ignited in air

Question 67

Name four common flammable liquids.

Answer 67

acetone ethanol methanol xylene

Question 68

What is the flashpoint of flammable liquids?

Answer 68

flashpoint below 100 Fahrenheit (38.7 Celsius)

Question 69

Name the three types of compressed gases.

Answer 69

1. liquified 2. non-liquified 3. dissolved gases

Question 70

What sort of container is used to hold compressed gases?

Answer 70

cylinder, vertical chained to the wall

Question 71

What US department houses Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?

Answer 71

Department of Labor

Question 72

What two incidents should be covered by an Emergency Action plan?

Answer 72

fire and toxic chemical release

Question 73

What is a major component of a Quality Assurance Plan?

Answer 73

documentation of all performance improvement (PI) projects

Question 74

PI

Answer 74

Performance Improvements

Question 75

What personnel is required for a PPM procedure laboratory? (2)

Answer 75

director and testing personnel

Question 76

What branch of government does OSHA belong too?

Answer 76

Department of Labor

Question 77

According to OSHA, all laboratories must have an emergency action plan for what two instances?

Answer 77

1. Fire | 2. toxic chemical release

Question 78

What is the flashpoint of flammable liquids?

Answer 78

below 100 Fahrenheit (37.8 Celsius)

Question 79

Define flashpoint.

Answer 79

lowest temperature at which the vapor can be ignited in air

Question 80

Name three types of compressed gases.

Answer 80

1. liquefied 2. non-liquefied 3. dissolved gases

Question 81

Name four types of liquefied compressed gases.

Answer 81

1. chlorine 2. propane 3. nitrous oxide 4. carbon dioxide

Question 82

Name four types of non-liquefied compressed gases.

Answer 82

1. oxygen 2. nitrogen 3. helium 4. argon

Question 83

List four types of flammable liquids.

Answer 83

1. ethanol 2. methanol 3. acetone 4. xylene

Question 84

List the only common dissolved compressed gas.

Answer 84

acetylene (welding)

Question 85

True or False: PPE must be provided to employees at their own cost.

Answer 85

False; | PPE must be provided to employees at NO cost

Question 86

Red

Answer 86

Fire, Danger, Stop | biomed waste, fire alarms

Question 87

Yellow

Answer 87

Designate Caution | radiation signs

Question 88

Orange

Answer 88

Designate warning | biological hazard

Question 89

When must biosafety cabinets be certified?

Answer 89

1. at installation 2. when moved 3. annually

Question 90

Class A Fire

Answer 90

combustible items such as paper, wood, cloth

Question 91

What class of fire involves combustible items such as paper, wood, or cloth?

Answer 91

Class A

Question 92

Class B Fire

Answer 92

involves flammable and/or combustible fluids such as flammable gases or greases.

Question 93

What class of fire involves flammable and/or combustible fluids such as flammable gases or grease?

Answer 93

Class B

Question 94

Class C Fire

Answer 94

energized electrical equipment

Question 95

What class of fire involved energized electrical equipment?

Answer 95

Class C

Question 96

Class D Fire

Answer 96

combustible metals such as magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium

Question 97

What class of fire involves combustible metals such as magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium?

Answer 97

Class D Fire

Question 98

Word Association: Red

Answer 98

Danger

Question 99

Word Association: Yellow

Answer 99

Caution

Question 100

Word Association: Orange

Answer 100

Warning

Question 101

Word Association: fluorescent orange

Answer 101

biological hazard

Question 102

Red Diamond

Answer 102

Fire Hazard

Question 103

Blue Diamond

Answer 103

Health Hazard

Question 104

White Diamond

Answer 104

Specific Hazard

Question 105

Yellow Diamond

Answer 105

Reactivity

Question 106

What do the four colors of the National Fire Protection Agency diamond sign stand for?

Answer 106

Red - Fire Blue - Health White - specific yellow - reactivity