OSHA Flashcards
4 major fields of behavior
- personal social - environment, work, play, society
- motor - starting to access maturity
- language
- adapative - use of motor capacity and solutions to practical behavior
7 steps in education
- recognize needs
- express needs
- stimulate motivation
- set goals
- act to achieve goals
- reinforce learning
- evaluate results
classical conditioning (Pavlovian or respondant)
associate one stimulus with another
operant conditioning
consequences of a behavior is a stimulus that can affect future behavior, rewarded or punished
4 types - positive and negative reinforcement, omission, punishment
behavior shaping (successive approximation)
type of operant conditioning, provide reinforcement for progressively closre approx. of final desired behavior
“stimulus response” (SR) theory
aversion conditioning
punishment to suppress bad behavior
ex. hand over mouth technique (HOME)
observational learning (modeling or behavior shaping)
acquisition of behavior by observation, and performance
systemic desensitization
eliminate anxiety assoc. with phobias
4 types of aggression
- constructive - act of self-assertiveness for self protection
- destructive - hostility unnecessary for protection
- inward - against oneself
- aggressive personality - irritable, tantrums, in response to frustation
health belief model
ppl will act to prevent disease only when they believe they are susceptible to disease
OSHA
protects WORKERS from hazards in a work place
concerned with regulated WASTE in dental office
hazardous waste
poisonous waste
infectious waste
- cause harm or injury to environment
- can cause poisonous effect
- can cause disease
OHSA bloodborne pathogens standard rule on uniforms
-uniforms laundered on site or off site NOT home
what is the most infectious target of standard universal blood precautions?
what is the most infectious bloodborne pathogen?
HIV
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- greatest occupational healthcare worker risk for bloodborne infxn
- employers must offer free vaccine
- infxn usually by: sex, prenatal transfer, percutaneous inoculation
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
-transmitted by blood in needle sticks, blood transfusion, drug addicts
most common dental materials deemed hazardous by OSHA
mercury -> scrap with sulfide solution
nitrous oxide -> max exposure is 1000 ppm
chemicals to develop film
medical records must be maintained for _ yrs
30
who regulates handpieces and recommends sterilization procedures to the CDC?
FDA
who regulates waste transportation from the office?
EPA
CDC high risk groups incl
IV druggies, homosexual/bisexual males, ppl getting transfusions, healthcare workers who can contact body fluids
quality assessment vs assurance
assessment is - does it meet standards?
assurance involves - structure, process, outcome, measures changes
how are sensitivity and specificity related?
inversely proportional
sensitivity measures
proportion of ppl with a disease correctly identified by a positive test
= TP/TP + FN
specificity is
ability of test to classify health
= TN/TN + FP
prevalence
of old cases in a population at a specific period time
expressed as % of population
incidence
of new cases at a certain time
expressed as RATE
child abuse most involves what age group
newborns up to 3 yrs
most popular managed care payment moethod is
capitation
DMFT - decayed missing filled teeth
or DMFS
irreversible index, permanent teeth
-best caries index for caries susceptibility
DEFT - decayed extracted filled teeth
-for primary dentition
gingival index (GI)
reversible, based on color, consistency, bop
- gingivitis often scored with Loe & Sillness (based on surfaces and inflammation, bleeding)
- PMA (papillary, marginal, attached) gingiva index to record prevalence and severity of gingivitis in school kids
periodontal index (PI)
- reversible
- assess prevalence of perio disease
plaque index of Silness and Loe
reversible
-assess THICKNESS of plaque at gingival margin
what % kids have inflammatory perio disease by 15?
80-90
localized acute gingivitis is most common
vital stats
- mortality (death rate) - # deaths caused by a disease
- morbidity - incidence of disease in a given population
- natality (birth rate)
- birth death ratio (vital index) - indicates population growth, stability, rdxn
- crude death rate
randomized study
all subjects have equal chance of being either study or control group
bactericidal
vs bacteriostatic
kills bacteria
static inhibits metabolism and replication
sanitation
antimicrobial tx, lowers total microbial load
sterilization
killing or removing all microorganisms, complete destruction of all forms oc microbial life incl. spores
cell death occurs cause of heat
rapid heat transfer sterilization
375 F (191C) for 12 min for wrapped fast, dry heat
dry heat sterilization
320 F(120 C) 2hrs, or 340F (170C) 1 hr
causes COAGULATION of proteins
autoclave (moist heat or saturated steam)
250F (121 C) 15-20 min
denatures high protein containing bacteria
unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization
270 F(132C) 20-40 min
instead of distilled water, uses soln oc alcohol, formaldehyde, ketone, acetone to produce vapor
requires greater temp and pressure than autoclave
does not RUST or corrode metals
glutaraldehyde 2%
alkalizing agent, 10 hrs to kill
pros - chemical sterilant, use on heat sensitive materials
cons - allergenic, toxic to tissues, time
ethylene oxide gas
for heat sensitive materials
alkylates proteins and nucleic acid
toxic
antiseptics
safe to external body, can be applied on living tissue
ex. chlorhexidine gluconate
alcohol is most widely used (isopropyl in hospitals)
most effective skin antiseptic that acts as an oxidizing agent, irreversibly combines with proteins
iodine
disinfection
reduce numbers or inhibit growth so it’s not a threat of disease
for inanimate surfaces
__ microorganism is the marker for intermediate surface disinfection
mycobacterium tuberculosis
also target for pasterization
irritation dermatitis
most common form of adverse epithelial rxn for healthcare professionals
20-30%
HIV pts are protected under the
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