Oscillations Flashcards
What are oscillations?
The periodic (repetitive) motion above the point of equilibrium.
What is a period?
T: The duration of one cycle in a repeating event (s)
What is frequency?
The number of cycles per unit of time
F= 1/T. (Hz)
What is angular frequency?
2Pi times frequency. (1/s)
What is point of equilibrium?
Point around which the system oscillates.
The resulting force here is zero = the acceleration is zero.
The object swings through this point with maximal velocity.
What is displacement?
What is the formula?
The momentary distance of the oscillating object from the point of equilibrium.
Y = Asin(angular frequency * t)
What is amplitude?
Maximal displacement.
What is harmonic oscillation?
Formula
Oscillation along a straight line - where the displacement is a sine function of time.
Y = Asin(angular frequency * t)
When does the system reach its maximum velocity?
What is the formula?
Vmax: When passing through the point of equilibrium (when the displacement is zero).
Vmax = angular frequency * A cm/s
What is the velocity when the displacement is max?
Zero.
What is the acceleration at the point of equilibrium, and when is it at maximum?
Acceleration is zero at point of equilibrium, and maximum when displacement is maximum.
What is the restoring force?
The force always peaks at the point of equilibrium. It tends to restore the equilibrium from which the system has been displaced.
Which statement is strue for harmonic oscillation?
A: the amplitude of the oscillation is increasing.
B: The amplitude of the oscillation is changing according to a sine function.
C: The restoring force is proportional to the displacement.
D: The distance run by the oscillating object is a linear function of time.
C.
What is the formula of max acceleration?
Amax = -angular frequency2 * A cm/s2
What is the formula for acceleration:
-angular frequency 2 * A * sin (angular frequency *t)
Whst is the formula for velocity
V= A* angular frequency *cos(angular frequency *t)
What is true for harmonic osscillation?
The restoring force is proportional to the displacement.
Natural frequency:
F= 1/2pi square of k/m Hz
If there should be no loss of energy in a system, what is true about the amplitude of oscillation?
The maximum displacement can’t be greater than initial value, otherwise the energy would increase.
What is true for the periodically changing force in harmonic oscillation?
The force acting on the object is proportional to displacement.
What is free oscillation?
A spontaneous oscillation that proceeds on its own without external influences —> eigenfrequency.
