Oscillations

Question 1

Displacement

Answer 1

Distance of oscillator from equilibrium position

Question 2

Amplitude

Answer 2

Max. displacement from equilibrium position

Question 3

Period

Answer 3

Time taken to complete an oscillation

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

Number of complete oscillations per second

Question 5

Angular frequency

Answer 5

Rate of change of angular displacement

Question 6

angular speed formula?

Answer 6

w= 2π/T= 2πf

Question 7

Phase difference def

Answer 7

how much one oscillator is in front/ behind another

Question 8

Simple harmonic definition

4 points

Answer 8

occurs when acceleration is directly proportional to displacement from a ** fixed position** and is in the opposite direction for periodic oscillations

Question 9

Three requirements for s.h.m of a mechanical system are

Answer 9

• mass that oscillates
• position where mass is in equilibrium
• restoring force to bring mass back to equilibrium

Question 10

Curve for displacement time graph

Answer 10

Sine

Question 11

Curve for speed time graph

Answer 11

Cosine

Question 12

curve for acceleration time graph

Answer 12

opposite direction (where sin is positive, it will be negative) of displacement

Question 13

3 Equations of SHM

Answer 13

x=xₒsin(wt)
v=vₒcos(wt)
v= ±w√(xₒ² - x²)

Question 14

Maximum speed of an oscillator

Answer 14

v= wxₒ

Question 15

Two energy changes in SHM

Answer 15

Gains PE as it moves away from equilibrium
Gains KE as it moves towards equilibrium

Question 16

When is max PE

Answer 16

Max displacement

Question 17

When is max KE

Answer 17

Equilibrium position

Question 18

KE formula

Answer 18

1/2 mw²(xₒ² - x²)

Question 19

Total energy formula

Answer 19

1/2 mw²xₒ²

Question 20

Free oscillations def

Answer 20

When the only external force acting on a particle is the restoring force

Constant amplitude

Question 21

Damping def

Answer 21

Reduction in amplitude/ energy of oscillations due to forces opposing motion

Question 22

Light damping

Answer 22

Amplitude decreases exponentially over time

Question 23

Critical damping

Answer 23

A system returning to equilibrium in the shortest possible time.
Displacement decreases to zero in shorter time

Question 24

Heavy damping

Answer 24

Causes oscillations to die more quickly

Question 25

Resonance def

Answer 25

Involves a max amplitude of oscillations and occurs when an oscillating system is forced to oscillate at its natural frequency

Question 26

Natural frequency def

Answer 26

Frequency at which an object vibrates when free to do so

Question 27

Oscillation

Answer 27

Repeated motion about a fixed point

Backward and forward motion(s) between two fixed points