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Physics 9702 Theory > Oscillations > Flashcards

Oscillations Flashcards

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1
Q

Displacement

A

Distance of oscillator from equilibrium position

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2
Q

Amplitude

A

Max. displacement from equilibrium position

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3
Q

Period

A

Time taken to complete an oscillation

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4
Q

Frequency

A

Number of complete oscillations per second

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5
Q

Angular frequency

A

Rate of change of angular displacement

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6
Q

angular speed formula?

A

w= 2π/T= 2πf

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7
Q

Phase difference def

A

how much one oscillator is in front/ behind another

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8
Q

Simple harmonic definition

4 points

A

occurs when acceleration is directly proportional to displacement from a ** fixed position** and is in the opposite direction for periodic oscillations

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9
Q

Three requirements for s.h.m of a mechanical system are

A
  • mass that oscillates
  • position where mass is in equilibrium
  • restoring force to bring mass back to equilibrium
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10
Q

Curve for displacement time graph

A

Sine

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11
Q

Curve for speed time graph

A

Cosine

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12
Q

curve for acceleration time graph

A

opposite direction (where sin is positive, it will be negative) of displacement

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13
Q

3 Equations of SHM

A

x=xₒsin(wt)
v=vₒcos(wt)
v= ±w√(xₒ² - x²)

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14
Q

Maximum speed of an oscillator

A

v= wxₒ

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15
Q

Two energy changes in SHM

A

Gains PE as it moves away from equilibrium
Gains KE as it moves towards equilibrium

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16
Q

When is max PE

A

Max displacement

17
Q

When is max KE

A

Equilibrium position

18
Q

KE formula

A

1/2 mw²(xₒ² - x²)

19
Q

Total energy formula

A

1/2 mw²xₒ²

20
Q

Free oscillations def

A

When the only external force acting on a particle is the restoring force

Constant amplitude

21
Q

Damping def

A

Reduction in amplitude/ energy of oscillations due to forces opposing motion

22
Q

Light damping

A

Amplitude decreases exponentially over time

23
Q

Critical damping

A

A system returning to equilibrium in the shortest possible time.
Displacement decreases to zero in shorter time

24
Q

Heavy damping

A

Causes oscillations to die more quickly

25
Q

Resonance def

A

Involves a max amplitude of oscillations and occurs when an oscillating system is forced to oscillate at its natural frequency

26
Q

Natural frequency def

A

Frequency at which an object vibrates when free to do so

27
Q

Oscillation

A

Repeated motion about a fixed point

Backward and forward motion(s) between two fixed points

Physics 9702 Theory (13 decks)

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