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Physics: the unnecessary science > Oscillations > Flashcards

Oscillations Flashcards

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1
Q

Define displacement.

A

Distance from the equilibrium position

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2
Q

Define amplitude

A

Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position

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3
Q

Define period

A

Time taken to complete one oscillation

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4
Q

Define frequency

A

The number of complete oscillations per unit second.

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5
Q

What is angular frequency?

A

The rate of change of the angular position

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6
Q

Two equations for angular frequency?

A

2π / T

2 π f

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7
Q

Define simple harmonic motion.

A

A type of motion where the acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement and acts towards the equilibrium position.

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8
Q

Defining equation for SHM?

A

a = - ω^2 x

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9
Q

What does an acceleration against displacement graph look like for an object oscillating in SHM?

A

Straight-line graph. Check Notion.

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10
Q

What is oscillating motion?

A
  • Object is in equilibrium position.
  • Force applied.
  • Object displaced then oscillates.
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11
Q

What are two features of SHM that can be inferred from the equation?

A
  • acceleration ∝ displacement

- minus sign means that acceleration and displacement act in opposite directions

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12
Q

Is angular frequency constant in SHM? What does this mean?

A

Yes.

f and T are constant

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13
Q

Suggest two ways you could investigate the time period and frequency of objects moving with SHM.

A
  • Pendulum with mass attached.

- Spring.

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14
Q

Suggest two reasons why a fiducial marker should be placed at POE

A
  • Object will always pass POE (unlike maximum displacement position)
  • Reduces uncertainty in timing measurements
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15
Q

How can you investigate the time period of an object moving in SMH?

A

Record time taken for several oscillations -> less uncertainty due to human error

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16
Q

What is an isochronous oscillator?

A

An oscillator that has the same T period regardless of the amplitude.

17
Q

Why is time period independent of amplitude in SHM?

A

As amplitude increases, speed increases so time period is constant.

18
Q

Equations to find the displacement of an object oscillating in SMH?

A

x = A cos ω t (Starts at amplitude)

x = A sin ω t (Starts at POE)

19
Q

What happens when the ω of an oscillator increases with no change to the amplitude?

A

Time period changes -> Velocity changes

20
Q

What happens to velocity when amplitude increases?

A
  • Isochronic oscillator = same time period

- Travel greater distance in same time period -> velocity increases

21
Q

Equation to find velocity of a simple harmonic oscillator?

A

V = ± ω √ A^2 - x^2

22
Q

Equation to find V max of a simple harmonic oscillator

A

V max = ω A

23
Q

What does an energy against displacement graph look like for an object oscillating in SHM?

A

Two parabolas. Check Notion

24
Q

How do you work out the Ek of a mass-spring system?

A

Ek = Et - Ep

Ek = 1/2 k (A^2 - x^2)

25
Q

What happens to amplitude and time period when light damping occurs?

A
  • Amp gradually decreases.

- Time period is constant.

26
Q

What happens to amplitude and time period when light damping occurs?

A
  • Amp decreases significantly.

- Time period increase

27
Q

What are free oscillations?

A

Motion of a mechanical system displaced from POE which oscillates with no external forces

28
Q

What are forced oscillations?

A

Motion when a periodic driver force is applied to an oscillator

29
Q

Give two examples of free oscillations.

A
  • Mass-spring system

- Pendulum

30
Q

Give two examples of forced oscillations.

A
  • Barton’s pendulum

- Person on swing

31
Q

What frequency do free oscillations vibrate at?

A

Natural frequency

32
Q

What frequency do forced oscillations vibrate at?

A

Driving frequency

Physics: the unnecessary science (19 decks)

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