OSCE radiology Flashcards
key points for Concussion in Dental Trauma (Periodontal Tissue Injury):
Mnemonic: “CRUSH Check-Up”
C: Crush to blood flow – The tooth gets a light crush to its blood vessels.
R: Radiographs show little – X-rays don’t reveal much damage.
U: Unstable feelings – It feels tender when biting or touched.
S: Stable position – The tooth isn’t wobbly.
H: Healing plan – Gentle care is key:
Adjust how your teeth meet (occlusal adjustment).
Schedule regular X-rays (periodic P.A.s).
Test tooth health (vitality testing) throughout the year.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a “lightly bruised apple.” It might feel tender when squeezed, but it doesn’t look smashed, and with gentle care, it heals over time!
key points for Concussion in Dental Trauma (Periodontal Tissue Injury):
Mnemonic: “CRUSH Check-Up”
C: Crush to blood flow – The tooth gets a light crush to its blood vessels.
R: Radiographs show little – X-rays don’t reveal much damage.
U: Unstable feelings – It feels tender when biting or touched.
S: Stable position – The tooth isn’t wobbly.
H: Healing plan – Gentle care is key:
Adjust how your teeth meet (occlusal adjustment).
Schedule regular X-rays (periodic P.A.s).
Test tooth health (vitality testing) throughout the year.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a “lightly bruised apple.” It might feel tender when squeezed, but it doesn’t look smashed, and with gentle care, it heals over time!
Mnemonic: “LUX Moves and Bleeds”
L: Lost place – The tooth is dislocated or moved from its usual position.
U: Up or Down? – It can be pushed up into the gum (intrusive) or down/partway out (extrusive).
X: eXit sideways – It can also be pushed sideways (lateral luxation).
M: Mobility surprise – Sometimes, it’s just wobbly (subluxation) without leaving the socket.
B: Bleeding gums – The gums may bleed from the injury.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a tree uprooted in a storm:
Sometimes it’s tilted up, pulled down, or pushed sideways.
Other times, it just wobbles in place.
The surrounding soil (gums) shows signs of disturbance (bleeding).
This simplifies luxation injuries into easily memorable categories and their common signs!
Manage
lay terms for the management and diagnosis of luxation injuries:
Mnemonic: “RAPID Fix and Follow”
R: Radiographs needed – X-rays may be needed to confirm the injury.
A: Align immediately – The tooth should be repositioned right away.
P: Protect with a splint – A flexible splint is used to keep the tooth stable.
I: Inspect regularly – Periodic check-ups are essential to monitor healing.
D: Dental follow-up – Ensure long-term care and monitoring.
Visual Analogy:
Think of fixing a crooked fence post:
You take a picture to understand the damage (radiographs).
Push it back into place immediately (repositioning).
Secure it with a flexible tie (splint).
Check it regularly to ensure it’s holding up (monitoring).
lay terms for the management and diagnosis of luxation injuries:
Mnemonic: “RAPID Fix and Follow”
R: Radiographs needed – X-rays may be needed to confirm the injury.
A: Align immediately – The tooth should be repositioned right away.
P: Protect with a splint – A flexible splint is used to keep the tooth stable.
I: Inspect regularly – Periodic check-ups are essential to monitor healing.
D: Dental follow-up – Ensure long-term care and monitoring.
Visual Analogy:
Think of fixing a crooked fence post:
You take a picture to understand the damage (radiographs).
Push it back into place immediately (repositioning).
Secure it with a flexible tie (splint).
Check it regularly to ensure it’s holding up (monitoring).
lay terms for the management and diagnosis of luxation injuries:
Mnemonic: “RAPID Fix and Follow”
R: Radiographs needed – X-rays may be needed to confirm the injury.
A: Align immediately – The tooth should be repositioned right away.
P: Protect with a splint – A flexible splint is used to keep the tooth stable.
I: Inspect regularly – Periodic check-ups are essential to monitor healing.
D: Dental follow-up – Ensure long-term care and monitoring.
Visual Analogy:
Think of fixing a crooked fence post:
You take a picture to understand the damage (radiographs).
Push it back into place immediately (repositioning).
Secure it with a flexible tie (splint).
Check it regularly to ensure it’s holding up (monitoring).
Mnemonic: “LOST Tooth, Quick Save”
L: Look for the tooth – Avulsions make up 15% of injuries, so finding the tooth is key.
O: Observe X-rays – If the tooth is missing:
Take soft tissue X-rays to check if it’s lodged in the gums.
Refer for chest/abdominal imaging to rule out swallowing or inhalation.
S: Save the socket – The healing socket forms dense bone over time.
T: Try reimplantation – If the tooth is found, reimplant immediately, but:
Deciduous (baby teeth) should not be reimplanted because of the risk to permanent teeth.
Quick Save:
Endodontic therapy (root canal) will likely be needed for the avulsed tooth.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a dropped key:
You immediately look for it.
If you can’t find it, you check unusual places (soft tissue or even inside the house—X-rays).
Once found, you try to put it back in the lock (tooth reimplantation) carefully, but sometimes replacing the key (deciduous teeth) can cause issues with the new lock (permanent teeth).
Fractures of teeth
crown fracture
Mnemonic: “CRACK Fix Steps”
C: Common in kids and adults – Crown fractures make up:
25% of injuries to permanent teeth.
40% of injuries to baby (deciduous) teeth.
R: Rank the damage – Classify the fracture:
Crack (Enamel infraction) – Just a small crack.
Uncomplicated fracture – Involves enamel or enamel + dentine.
Complicated fracture – Involves the pulp.
A: Assess the pulp – For complicated fractures, treat the pulp based on root development.
C: Check vitality – Always test the tooth’s nerve health.
K: Keep options open – Management differs:
Uncomplicated: Delay permanent restorative treatment to let things settle.
Complicated: For baby teeth, consider extraction if saving them isn’t viable.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a cracked phone screen:
Some cracks are just surface scratches (enamel infractions).
Bigger cracks might need temporary fixes before full repair (uncomplicated fractures).
Deep cracks that reach the circuits (pulp) need specialized repair—or sometimes, replacing the phone (tooth extraction for deciduous teeth).
root fracture
Mnemonic: “ROOTS Break Midway”
R: Rank the fracture – Fractures can be:
Horizontal – Across the tooth.
Vertical – Up and down.
O: Observe movement – The mobility of the tooth depends on where the fracture is located.
O: Occurs most in the middle – Most root fractures happen in the middle third of the root.
T: Take more X-rays – One X-ray may not show the fracture; different angles are needed.
S: Spot the PDL – Look for a widened periodontal ligament (PDL) space, which may be the only sign of a fracture.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a tree branch snapping:
A horizontal break is like a branch splitting across.
A vertical break is like a crack running along the length of the branch.
If the branch wiggles a lot, the break is near the base. If it barely moves, it’s further away. Sometimes, only small signs (like widened gaps) reveal the break at first glance.
root fracture
Mnemonic: “ROOTS Break Midway”
R: Rank the fracture – Fractures can be:
Horizontal – Across the tooth.
Vertical – Up and down.
O: Observe movement – The mobility of the tooth depends on where the fracture is located.
O: Occurs most in the middle – Most root fractures happen in the middle third of the root.
T: Take more X-rays – One X-ray may not show the fracture; different angles are needed.
S: Spot the PDL – Look for a widened periodontal ligament (PDL) space, which may be the only sign of a fracture.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a tree branch snapping:
A horizontal break is like a branch splitting across.
A vertical break is like a crack running along the length of the branch.
If the branch wiggles a lot, the break is near the base. If it barely moves, it’s further away. Sometimes, only small signs (like widened gaps) reveal the break at first glance.
Mnemonic: “ROOTS Break Midway”
R: Rank the fracture – Fractures can be:
Horizontal – Across the tooth.
Vertical – Up and down.
O: Observe movement – The mobility of the tooth depends on where the fracture is located.
O: Occurs most in the middle – Most root fractures happen in the middle third of the root.
T: Take more X-rays – One X-ray may not show the fracture; different angles are needed.
S: Spot the PDL – Look for a widened periodontal ligament (PDL) space, which may be the only sign of a fracture.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a tree branch snapping:
A horizontal break is like a branch splitting across.
A vertical break is like a crack running along the length of the branch.
If the branch wiggles a lot, the break is near the base. If it barely moves, it’s further away. Sometimes, only small signs (like widened gaps) reveal the break at first glance.
Mnemonic: “ROOTS Break Midway”
R: Rank the fracture – Fractures can be:
Horizontal – Across the tooth.
Vertical – Up and down.
O: Observe movement – The mobility of the tooth depends on where the fracture is located.
O: Occurs most in the middle – Most root fractures happen in the middle third of the root.
T: Take more X-rays – One X-ray may not show the fracture; different angles are needed.
S: Spot the PDL – Look for a widened periodontal ligament (PDL) space, which may be the only sign of a fracture.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a tree branch snapping:
A horizontal break is like a branch splitting across.
A vertical break is like a crack running along the length of the branch.
If the branch wiggles a lot, the break is near the base. If it barely moves, it’s further away. Sometimes, only small signs (like widened gaps) reveal the break at first glance.
root fracture
Mnemonic: “ROOTS Break Midway”
R: Rank the fracture – Fractures can be:
Horizontal – Across the tooth.
Vertical – Up and down.
O: Observe movement – The mobility of the tooth depends on where the fracture is located.
O: Occurs most in the middle – Most root fractures happen in the middle third of the root.
T: Take more X-rays – One X-ray may not show the fracture; different angles are needed.
S: Spot the PDL – Look for a widened periodontal ligament (PDL) space, which may be the only sign of a fracture.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a tree branch snapping:
A horizontal break is like a branch splitting across.
A vertical break is like a crack running along the length of the branch.
If the branch wiggles a lot, the break is near the base. If it barely moves, it’s further away. Sometimes, only small signs (like widened gaps) reveal the break at first glance.
manage this
Here’s a mnemonic in lay terms for Root Fracture Management:
Mnemonic: “FIX, SAVE, or SHARE”
F: Fix it fast – Perform manual reduction to realign the tooth and use immobilization (like a splint) to keep it stable.
I: Ideal outcome – Fractures in the apical third (near the root tip) often have a good prognosis.
X: eXpect root canal – If the tooth loses vitality, endodontic therapy (root canal) is needed to save it.
S: Split the root – For multi-rooted teeth, hemisection (removing one root) may be an option to preserve part of the tooth.
H: Healing depends – Success relies on proper alignment and monitoring.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a broken leg:
If the break is clean and near the foot (apical third), recovery is easier.
A cast (immobilization) stabilizes it while healing.
If the bone’s “lifeline” is cut off (vitality lost), further treatment (like a root canal) is needed.
For a multi-part break (multi-rooted teeth), sometimes only one part can be saved (hemisection).
Here’s a mnemonic in lay terms for Crown-Root Fractures:
Mnemonic: “CROWN Meets ROOT”
C: Complicated up front – Most anterior (front) teeth with crown-root fractures are complicated, often involving the pulp.
R: Restorative hope – Posterior (back) teeth with uncomplicated fractures can often be restored with a crown lengthening procedure (CCL).
O: Outcome is tough – Prognosis for crown-root fractures is often poor, especially for complicated cases.
W: Wider views needed – Just like root fractures, X-rays often miss the full extent of the fracture in one shot.
N: Needs careful planning – Proper imaging and diagnosis are crucial to decide the best treatment approach.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a cracked tree trunk:
If the crack reaches both the crown and the root, it’s harder to save the tree (poor prognosis).
For smaller cracks near the base (posterior teeth), careful trimming and bracing (restoration with CCL) can help.
Dental Trauma
Traumatic Injuries to the Facial Bones
Alveolar process injury
ere’s a mnemonic in lay terms for Alveolar Process Injury:
Mnemonic: “ALVEOLAR Alignment Fix”
A: Associated with luxation – Often occurs alongside tooth displacement (luxation injuries).
L: Location in the front – More common in the anterior maxilla (upper front jaw).
V: Visible misalignment – Always shows malocclusion (teeth don’t align properly).
E: Extra imaging needed – Multiple X-rays at different angles are required to see the full extent of the injury.
O: Orthodontic-like splinting – Managed with intermaxillary splinting (stabilizes the jaw like braces hold teeth).
L: Light pressure realignment – Reduction is done using digital pressure to gently push the bone back.
A: Assess the pulp – If necessary, perform endodontic therapy to save the affected teeth.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a bent fence panel:
It’s often bent out of alignment when parts of the structure (teeth) are displaced.
You need to view it from different angles (imaging) to assess the damage.
Fix it by gently pressing it back (reduction) and securing it in place (splinting), but some parts (pulp) may still need repair.
Dental Trauma
Traumatic Injuries to the Facial Bones
Alveolar process injury
Here’s a mnemonic in lay terms for Alveolar Process Injury:
Mnemonic: “ALVEOLAR Alignment Fix”
A: Associated with luxation – Often occurs alongside tooth displacement (luxation injuries).
L: Location in the front – More common in the anterior maxilla (upper front jaw).
V: Visible misalignment – Always shows malocclusion (teeth don’t align properly).
E: Extra imaging needed – Multiple X-rays at different angles are required to see the full extent of the injury.
O: Orthodontic-like splinting – Managed with intermaxillary splinting (stabilizes the jaw like braces hold teeth).
L: Light pressure realignment – Reduction is done using digital pressure to gently push the bone back.
A: Assess the pulp – If necessary, perform endodontic therapy to save the affected teeth.
Visual Analogy:
Think of a bent fence panel:
It’s often bent out of alignment when parts of the structure (teeth) are displaced.
You need to view it from different angles (imaging) to assess the damage.
Fix it by gently pressing it back (reduction) and securing it in place (splinting), but some parts (pulp) may still need repair.
Acquired Dental Anomalies
Attrition
Acquired Dental Anomalies
Attrition
Acquired Dental Anomalies
Attrition
Acquired Dental Anomalies
Attrition
Acquired Dental Anomalies
Abbrasion
Acquired Dental Anomalies
Abbrasion
