OSCE Flashcards
Upper limb
What is pronator drift? What does it indicate?
Pronator drift involves both pronation (rotation of the forearm/wrist from palm up towards a palm down position) and downward movement of an upper limb (i.e. drift). The presence of pronator drift indicates a contralateral corticospinal tract lesion.
Pronation occurs because, in the context of an UMN lesion, the supinator muscles of the forearm are typically weaker than the pronator muscles.
Upper / Lower limb
MRC Muscle Power Scale
Upper limb
Shoulder ABduction
Myotome assessed:____
Muscles assessed: ____
name the nerve too
Myotome assessed: C5 (axillary nerve)
Muscles assessed: deltoid (primary) and other shoulder abductors
Upper limb
Shoulder ADduction
Myotomes assessed: ____
Muscles assessed: (3)
name the nerve too
Myotomes assessed: C6/7 (thoracodorsal nerve)
Muscles assessed: teres major, latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
Upper limb
Elbow flexion
Myotomes assessed: ____
Muscles assessed: (3)
name the nerve too
Myotomes assessed: C5/6 (musculocutaneous and radial nerve)
Muscles assessed: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis
Upper limb
Elbow extension
Myotome assessed: ____
Muscles assessed: ____
name the nerve too
Myotome assessed: C7 (radial nerve)
Muscles assessed: triceps brachii
Upper limb
Wrist extension
Myotome assessed: ____
Muscles assessed: ____
name the nerve too
Wrist extension
Myotome assessed: C6 (radial nerve)
Muscles assessed: extensors of the wrist
Upper limb
Wrist flexion
Myotomes assessed: ____
Muscles assessed: ____
name the nerve too
Myotomes assessed: C6/7 (median and ulnar nerve)
Muscles assessed: flexors of the wrist
Upper limb
Finger extension
Myotome assessed: ____
Muscles assessed: ____
name the nerve too
Myotome assessed: C7 (radial nerve)
Muscles assessed: extensor digitorum
Upper limb
Finger ABduction
Myotome assessed: ____
Muscles assessed: (2)
name the nerve too
Myotome assessed: T1 (ulnar nerve)
Muscles assessed:
First dorsal interosseous (FDI)
Abductor digiti minimi (ADM)
Upper limb
Thumb ABduction
Myotomes assessed: ____
Muscle assessed: ____
name the nerve too
Myotomes assessed: T1 (median nerve)
Muscle assessed: abductor pollicis brevis
Upper limb
What spinal roots does the biceps reflex originate from?
(C5/6)
Upper limb
What spinal roots does the triceps reflex originate from?
(C7)
Upper limb
What spinal roots does the supinator reflex originate from?
(C5/6)
Upper limb
Pin-prick (pain) sensation involves the ____ tracts.
spinothalamic
Upper limb
Point to C5-T1 on yourself.
Upper limb
Joint proprioception, also known as joint position sense, involves the ____.
dorsal columns
Upper limb
Vibration sensation involves the ____.
dorsal columns
Upper limb
What kind of sensory loss from “glove and stocking” distribution describe?
peripheral neuropathy
Upper limb
What kind of sensory loss describes a localised sensory disturbance in the area supplied by the damaged nerve?
Mononeuropathies
Upper limb
What kind of sensory loss occurs due to nerve root damage (e.g. compression by a herniated intervertebral disc), resulting in sensory disturbances in the associated dermatomes?
radiculopathy
Upper limb
What results in sensory loss both at and below the level of involvement in a dermatomal pattern due to its impact on the sensory tracts running through the cord?
Spinal cord damage
Upper limb
What kind of pathology result in contralateral sensory loss?
Thalamic lesions (eg stroke)
Upper limb
What kind of pattern of sensory loss often involves symmetrical proximal muscle weakness.
Myopathies
Upper limb
____: refers to a lack of coordination of movement. Clinically this results in the patient missing the target by over/undershooting.
Dysmetria
Upper limb
____: a broad, coarse, low-frequency tremor that develops as a limb reaches the endpoint of a deliberate movement. Clinically this results in a tremor that becomes apparent as the patient’s finger approaches yours.
Intention tremor
Upper limb
What test can we use to assess coordination?
Finger-to-nose test
Upper limb
What is a term that describes the inability to perform rapid, alternating movements, which is a feature of ipsilateral cerebellar pathology?
Dysdiadochokinesia
Upper limb
The presence of dysdiadochokinesia suggests ____lateral ____ pathology.
ipsilateral cerebellar
Upper limb
Light touch sensation involves both the ____ and ____
dorsal columns
spinothalamic tracts
