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Operating Systems > OS Final Review p2 > Flashcards

OS Final Review p2 Flashcards

1
Q

What port does the SMTP protocol use by default?

A

Port 25

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2
Q

Which protocol does a Web server use when transmissions are encrypted for security?

A

HTTPS

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3
Q

What type of server resolves fully qualified domain names to IP addresses?

A

DNS server

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4
Q

What is the maximum length of a NetBIOS name?

A

15 characters

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5
Q

What is the name of the file that keeps associations between computer names and IP addresses on the local computer?

A

Hosts file

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6
Q

What protocol is replacing the POP protocol used to receive email?

A

IMAP

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7
Q

Approximately how many IP addresses are available for a single Class A IP license? Class B? Class C?

A

“16 million, 65,000, and 254”

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8
Q

“What are IP addresses called that begin with 10, 172.16 or 192.168?”

A

Private IP addresses

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9
Q

In what class is the IP address 185.75.255.10?

A

Class B

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10
Q

In what class is the IP address 193.200.30.5?

A

Class C

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11
Q

“Describe the difference between public and private IP addresses. If a network is using private IP addresses, how can the computers on that network access the Internet?”

A

Public IP addresses are licensed and authorized to use the Internet. Private IP addresses are not authorized or licensed to use the Internet. A computer with a private IP address uses a proxy server to access the Internet.

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12
Q

Why is it unlikely that you will find the IP address 192.168.250.10 on the Internet?

A

IP addresses that begin with 192.168 are private IP addresses.

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13
Q

“If no DHCP server is available on a network, what type of configuration must computers on the network use for assignments of IP addresses?”

A

Static IP addressing

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14
Q

“If a computer is found to have an IP address of 169.254.1.1, what can you assume about how it received that IP address?”

A

The IP address was automatically assigned by Windows when it failed to lease an address from the DHCP server. The computer received an APIPA IP address.

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15
Q

What command can be used to cause Windows to release its IP address?

A

Ipconfig /release

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16
Q

“What is the purpose of the command, ping 127.0.0.1?”

A

To verify that TCP/IP is configured correctly.

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17
Q

What command can be used to cause Windows to request a new IP address?

A

Ipconfig/renew

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18
Q

Give two popular examples of broadband technology.

A

DSL and cable modem

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19
Q

“Which type of broadband connection does Windows assume, on-demand or always-up?”

A

Always-up

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20
Q

What is the purpose of DSL filters on phone jacks in your home?

A

To filter out static on your regular telephones

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21
Q

Which type profile that Vista assigns to a network connection offers the least security?

A

A domain profile

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22
Q

What is the speed in bits per second of a 1000BaseT Ethernet network?

A

1 gigabit per second or roughly 1 billion bits per second

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23
Q

What is the maximum length of an Ethernet cable on a 100BaseT network?

A

100 meters or 328 feet

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24
Q

What is the first configuration change you should make when you first install a router?

A

Change the administrator password

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25
Q

How is a DHCP reservation on a router used?

A

Assigns the same IP address to a computer each time it connects to the network. The computer is identified by its MAC address.

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26
Q

Which command is used to find the DNS server’s information about a domain name?

A

Nslookup

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27
Q

Which command is used to find the host name of a computer when you know its IP address?

A

Nslookup XXX.XXX.XXX.XX

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28
Q

Which command can give you the hop count from your computer to another?

A

Tracert

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29
Q

What parameter can be added to the Netstat command so that you can see what program is responsible for a network connection?

A

Netstat -b

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30
Q

Which editions of Windows can be used to serve up Remote Desktop?

A

Vista Business or Ultimate editions or Windows XP Professional

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31
Q

Which is the easiest way to initiate a Remote Assistance session?

A

The user saves and then sends you an invitation file

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32
Q

What is the listening port for Windows XP Remote Desktop?

A

Port 3389

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33
Q

“Which tool, Remote Desktop or Remote Assistance, allows you to set up a chat session with the user?”

A

Remote Assistance

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34
Q

In what folder is a log of a Remote Assistance session kept?

A

C:\Users\username\Documents\Remote Assistance Logs folder

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35
Q

How can you physically tell if a network card is not working?

A

Check the status indicator lights

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36
Q

“To know if Windows recognizes a NIC without errors, which tool do you use?”

A

Device Manger

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37
Q

What is the full command line to use Ipconfig to release the current IP address?

A

ipconfig /release

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38
Q

What is the full command line for the loopback address test?

A

Ping 127.0.0.1

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39
Q

What key do you press to refresh the Network window?

A

F5

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40
Q

What command can tell you if two computers on the same network have the same computer name?

A

Net view \computername

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41
Q

What command lists the shared resources on a remote computer on the network?

A

Net view \computername /user:username

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42
Q

Which type of Net command can be used to map a network drive?

A

Net use

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43
Q

Which command tests for connectivity between two computers?

A

Ping

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44
Q

List the steps to recycle the connection to an ISP when using a cable modem and router.

A

“1. Turn off the cable modem, DSL modem, or other device that you use to connect to your ISP. Turn off the router. 2. Turn the cable modem, DSL modem, or other ISP device back on. Wait until the lights settle. Then turn on your router. 3. On any PC on your network, release and renew the IP address. Open your browser and try to browse some web sites.”

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45
Q

“If you want to allow an exception in Windows Firewall through a certain port, but the port or program is not listed under the Exceptions tab, what can you do?”

A

Add the port to the list of exceptions

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46
Q

“When an ISP gives a user the two mail server addresses, smtp.myISP.net and pop.myISP.net, which address should be used for incoming mail and which should be used for outgoing mail?”

A

The smtp.myISP.net is the outgoing mail server and pop.myISP.net is the incoming mail server

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47
Q

What device is required so that you can connect a regular telephone to a VoIP network?

A

A TA device

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48
Q

What industry is required by law to use the HIPAA security standards?

A

The health industry

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49
Q

Classifying the rights assigned to a computer user depend on what one factor?

A

Job needs

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50
Q

What applet in the XP Control Panel is used to reset a password?

A

User Accounts

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51
Q

What must a user do in order to use his password reset disk to log onto Windows?

A

Enter a wrong password at logon and then use the disk

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52
Q

Name three types of passwords that can be set in BIOS setup.

A

“User power-on password, supervisor power-on password, and drive lock password”

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53
Q

What is the default encryption protocol that Windows uses when sending an account name and password to a domain controller for validation?

A

Kerberos

54
Q

What is the name for a small device that contains authentication information keyed into a logon window to gain access to a network?

A

Smart card or key fob

55
Q

What is the purpose of a digital certificate?

A

To prove you are who you say you are; it establishes your identity

56
Q

Who assigns a digital certificate?

A

A Certification Authority

57
Q

Why is the name of your pet not a strong password?

A

Because it is easy to guess

58
Q

In what situation might a blank password be better than an easy-to-guess password?

A

When your computer is always sitting in a protected room and will not be accessed remotely

59
Q

“Which has more rights, a standard account or a guest account?”

A

A standard account

60
Q

What folder in Vista is intended to be used for folders and files that all users share?

A

C:\Public folder

61
Q

What file system must be used in order to encrypt folders and files in Windows Vista or XP?

A

NTFS

62
Q

What Vista tool can be used to encrypt an entire hard drive?

A

BitLocker Encryption

63
Q

What is the purpose of the TPM chip on a motherboard?

A

To hold the encryption key used by BitLocker Encryption

64
Q

What is the quickest way to lock down a Windows workstation?

A

Windows key + L

65
Q

Which type of malware can copy itself over a network without involving a host program?

A

A worm

66
Q

Which type of malware substitutes itself for a legitimate program?

A

Trojan

67
Q

Why is it important to not click a link in an email message from someone you don’t know?

A

The link might point to a malicious script

68
Q

List the three types of user accounts used by Windows Vista.

A

“administrator, standard user, and guest accounts”

69
Q

List the four types of user accounts used by Windows XP.

A

“administrator, power user, limited user (also called the users group), and guest accounts”

70
Q

Which Windows console is used to create a new user group?

A

Computer Management console

71
Q

What is the term Windows XP uses to describe sharing files when no control is allowed over who has access to a shared file?

A

Simple file sharing

72
Q

What type of permission does a folder receive from its parent folder?

A

Inherited permissions

73
Q

What type of permissions must be given so that a folder can be shared on the network?

A

Share permissions

74
Q

“If a folder has ten subfolders, what is the easiest way to change the permissions for all ten folders?”

A

Change the permissions of the parent folder

75
Q

What two services must be running under Windows XP to share folders on the network?

A

Client for Microsoft Networks and File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks

76
Q

“If you are having a problem changing the permissions of a folder that was created by another user, what can you do to help solve the problem?”

A

Take ownership of the folder

77
Q

A shared folder whose name ends with a $ is called a ____.

A

Hidden share

78
Q

When is it possible to use administrative shares?

A

When a computer is on a domain

79
Q

What can you do so that you can use file and folder encryption with a volume using the FAT file system and Windows Vista Business edition?

A

Convert the volume to NTFS

80
Q

What is the command to decrypt the file myfile.doc?

A

Cipher /d myfile.doc

81
Q

What is the command to launch the Certificate Manager console?

A

Certmgr.msc

82
Q

What is the file extension used by default for a certificate file that contains the private key? That does not contain the private key?

A

“.pfx, .cer”

83
Q

“If you upgrade from Windows XP to Windows Vista Ultimate and cannot access your encrypted files, what is the first thing to do?”

A

Import your EFS certificate into Windows Vista

84
Q

What hardware component is needed to set up BitLocker Encryption so that you can authenticate the computer?

A

TPM chip

85
Q

What is the first thing you should do when you discover a computer is infected with malware?

A

“Possible answers: Quarantine the computer, unplug the network cable, turn off wireless networking”

86
Q

What is the best tool to use to find out the purpose of a program that is running on your system?

A

The Internet

87
Q

What command can be used to stop a process that is more powerful than Task Manager?

A

Taskkill

88
Q

What is the name of the Windows Vista boot loader program? Where is the program located?

A

“WinLoad.exe, C:\Windows\System32”

89
Q

What is the name of the Vista kernel program?

A

Ntoskrnl.exe

90
Q

What is the name of the program that manages Windows logon?

A

Winlogon.exe

91
Q

Which registry hive is loaded first during Windows startup?

A

The System hive

92
Q

Where does Windows store device driver files?

A

C:\Windows\System32\Drivers

93
Q

What is the first thing that BIOS checks?

A

Startup BIOS first checks all the essential hardware components to make sure they’re working.

94
Q

Which key do you press to launch the Advanced Boot Options window during Windows startup?

A

F8

95
Q

What can you assume about the Vista startup when you see the progress bar on screen?

A

The Windows graphics subsystem is running and the kernel has successfully loaded

96
Q

When is the Windows startup process completed?

A

The Windows startup is officially completed when the Windows desktop appears and the wait circle disappears.

97
Q

At what point in Windows startup are the settings that are called the Last Known Good Configuration saved?

A

When the user logs onto Windows

98
Q

What command in Windows RE can you use to rebuild the BCD file?

A

Bootrec /rebuildBCD

99
Q

What command in Windows RE gives you opportunity to manage partitions and volumes installed on the system?

A

diskpart

100
Q

Which log in Vista Event Viewer only tracks errors and warnings?

A

The Administrative Events log

101
Q

“If you are having a problem with a driver, which of the following is the least invasive solution: update the driver or use System Restore?”

A

Update the driver

102
Q

What tool can you use to stop a program that is hung up?

A

Task Manager

103
Q

“If an application works when the system is loaded in Safe Mode, but does not work when Windows is loaded normally, what can you assume?”

A

“The problem is not with the application but with the OS, device drivers, or other programs loaded at startup.”

104
Q

What are the three stages of the Vista startup process?

A

“Before the progress bar appears, after the progress bar appears and before logon, after logon”

105
Q

What is the name of the log file and its location that is created when you enabled boot logging from the Advanced Boot Options startup menu?

A

C:\Windows\ntbtlog.txt

106
Q

“In the Windows 2000/XP boot process, what file reads and loads the boot menu?”

A

Ntldr

107
Q

Where is the Boot.ini file stored?

A

Root directory of the system partition (usually C:)

108
Q

What two subfolders in the C:\Windows\system32 folder contain files needed for Windows startup?

A

\config and \drivers

109
Q

“When you have a problem with a USB device, what is the simplest way to determine that the USB port is good?”

A

Try another USB device in the port.

110
Q

“When you have a problem with a USB device, what is the simplest way to determine that the USB device is not causing the problem?”

A

Try using the device on another computer.

111
Q

How can you determine that device drivers loaded at startup are not interfering with an application that is having problems?

A

Boot the system into Safe Mode and try the application there.

112
Q

What is the command used for testing memory?

A

mdsched.exe

113
Q

“If you are not sure which device is causing a video problem, the monitor or the video card, which one should you exchange first? Why?”

A

“The monitor, because it is easier to swap out”

114
Q

“What type of device that, when installed, is not listed in BIOS setup, Device Manager, or the Printers window? “

A

“Possible answers: Some USB devices, Firewire devices, scanners, printers”

115
Q

What is the term used to describe undoing a driver update?

A

Driver rollback

116
Q

What Windows Vista tool can you use to uninstall a USB device?

A

Programs and Features window

117
Q

What Windows XP tool can you use to uninstall a FireWire device?

A

Add and Remove Programs window

118
Q

What Windows tool can you use to uninstall a network card?

A

Device Manager

119
Q

What Windows tool can you use to restore the Windows system to a previous point in time before a device was installed?

A

System Restore

120
Q

What Windows tool can you use to update your video drivers?

A

Device Manager

121
Q

What symbols might Device Manager use to indicate a device is not working?

A

A yellow triangle or question mark

122
Q

What level of permission must a user account have to install software?

A

Administrative privileges

123
Q

“If a computer won’t boot, to figure out if the problem is related to the hard drive or other vital hardware component, what would be the first step?”

A

To boot from the Windows setup CD or DVD

124
Q

What is another name for a Windows Stop error?

A

Blue Screen of Death or BSOD

125
Q

What is the name of the folder that is created when files from an old installation are moved during a reinstall of Vista?

A

C:\Windows.Old folder

126
Q

What is the purpose of the hidden partition used by many of the brand-name computer companies?

A

To hold Windows setup files so that the system can rebuild the Windows installation with using the setup CD or DVD

127
Q

What information is contained in the C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\SRT\SRTTrail.txt file?

A

Information saved when the Startup Repair process was performed in Windows RE

128
Q

What is the name of the log file that Windows uses when booting in Safe Mode?

A

Ntbtlog.txt

129
Q

What type of server serves up IP addresses to computers on a network?

A

DHCP server

130
Q

What type of protocol is used to present a public IP address to computers outside the LAN to handle requests to use the Internet from computers inside the LAN?

A

NAT

131
Q

How many bits are in an IPv4 IP address?

A

32 bits

Operating Systems (2 decks)

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