OS Final Flash Cards
Zolpidem
Non-benzo hypnotic, acts at BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor
ziprazidone
atypical antipsychotic
Zileuton
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
Zaleplon
Non-benzo hypnotic, acts at BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor
Zafirlukast
Antagonizes leukotriene D4 receptor
Which class of cardiac drugs are contraindicated post-MI (pro-arrythmic)
Class 1C
Vincristine
Bind B-tubulin to prevent spindle formation
Verapamil
Non DHP CCB
Vemurafenib
For BRAF melanoma
Varenicline
partial nicotine agonist
Vardenafil
PDE5 inhibitor
Valproate SE’s
GI distress, hepatotox (LFT’s), NT defects, tremor, wt gain
Valproate mechanism
Increased NA channel inactivation, increased GABA concentration
Uliprostal
Anti-progestin
tubocurarine
nondepolarizing NMJ blocker
Troglitazone SE
Hepatotox (Specific)
Triptans
5HT1B/1D agonist
Trihexyphenidyl in PD
Antimuscarinic
Trifluoperazine
High potency 1st gen antipsychotic
Triamterine
Blocks ENAC
Treatment for serotonin syndrome
cyproheptadine
Treatment for methemoglbinemia
methylene blue and vitamin C
Treatment for HUS
plasmapheresis
Treatment for BB overdose
Glucagon
Treatment for asthma
leukotriene modulators
Trazodone mechanism
blocks 5-HT2, a1 adrenergic, and H1 receptors
Tranylcypromine
MAOi
Tramadol
weak opioid agonist, inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake
Torsemide
Loop diuretic
Topiramate mechanism
Blocks Na channels and increases GABA action
Tolvaptan
Induces nephrogenic DI, use to tx SIADH
Tolcapone
Peripheral and central COMT inhibitor
Tolbutamide
1st generation Sulfonylurea
Tocopherol in AD
Vitamin E
Tirofiban
Bind GIIb/IIIa receptor on activated plts, preventing aggregation
Ticlopidine
ADP receptor inhibitor (prevents Iib/IIIa expression)
Ticagrelor
ADP receptor inhibitor (prevents Iib/IIIa expression)
Thioridizine
Low potency 1st gen antipsychotic
Thioridazine SE
retinal deposits
Theopjhylline
PDE inhibitor
Theophylline SE
Cardiotox, neurotox, tremor, seizures
Theca Interna Cell
Stimulated by LH, uses desmolase to convert cholesterol to androgens
Tetrabenazine
good in HD, prevents vesicular monoamine transporter to decrease DA release
Test drug for Prinzmetal
Ergonovine
Test drug for Coroneary steal (2)
Adenosine, Dipyridamole
Teripartide
PTH analog that increases osteoblast activity
Terbutaline
B2 agonist
Teniposide
inhibits top II
TDP treatment
Magnesium Sulfate
TCA acid base SE
mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis
Tamsulosin
a1 antagonist (selective for A,D) - no HoTN
Tadalafil
PDE5 inhibitor
Tacrine
AchE inhibitor in AD
T-FU
Inhibits thymidlyate synthase, enhanced by leukovorin
Sulfonylurea action
close K+ channel and cause insulin release (hypoglycemia)
Streptozocin
X link DNA
Status epilepticus first line treatment
benzo
Spironolactone
inhibits steroid binding, potassium sparing diuretic
SPINK1
Trypsin inhibitor in pancreas. Mutations cause hereditary pancreatitis
Sotalol
Class III
SNRIs used for what in diabetes
neuropathy
Sildenafil
PDE5 inhibitor
SGLT2 inhibitors SE’s
UTI, ortho HoTN
Sevelamer
phos binder that decreases PO4 absorption in GI tract
Selegiline
MAO B inhibitor
SCD amino acid change
Glutamic Acid (-) to valine (0)
Salmeterol
Long acting B2 agonist
Ropinirole in PD
Non-ergot DA agonist
Rivastigmine
AchE inhibitor in AD
Rivaroxaban
Direct Factor X inhibitor
Ritodrine
B2 agonist
Risperidone SE
hyperprolactinemia
Risk for transitional cell carcinoma exposure
phenacetin, aniline dye (rubber)
Riluzole
In ALS to reduce glutamate excitotox
Reserpine
good in HD, prevents vesicular monoamine transporter to decrease DA release
Reserpine
lowers BP by depleting catechol and 5HT stores, can cause severe depression
Rasigiline
MAO B inhibitor
Ranitidine
H2 blocker
Ramelteon
melatonin agonist
Quinidine Class and SE’s
Class 1A - cinchonism (HA, tinnitus)
PTU
Inhibits Thyroid Peroxidase and 5-deiodinase (T4 to T3)
Propofol mechanism
potentiates GABA
Propiomelanocortin (POMC) derived hormones
ACTH, MSH, B-endorphin
Prophy for Migraines
BB, CCB, Amitryptiline, topiramate, valproate
Propafenone
Class 1C
Promethizine
1st gen antihistamine
Promethazine
D2 antagonist for central nausea, migraines, gastroparesis
Prolactin
Induces and maintains lactation
Progestins SE’s
Cause bone loss
Procarbazine
MAOi
Procainamide
Class 1A
Pramlintide
Amylin analog for diabestes (decreased emptying)
Pramipexole in PD
Non-ergot DA agonist
Pramipexole
DA agonist
Phenytoin SE’s
Hirsutism, nystagmus, SJS, ging hyperplasia (PDGF), DRESS, megalo anemia
Phenytoin mechanism
Increases Na channel inactivation
Phenelzine
MAOi
Peroxicam
NSAID
Pergolide in PD
Ergot DA agonist
Perchlorate, Pertechnate
Inhibit the Na/I symporter in the thyroid
Pentoxifylline
Enhances blood flow by increasing RBC deformability in claudication
Pentazocine
Opioid
Pentazocine
K-agonist and u antagonist
PAN vasculitis
Renal damage, GI bleed, Livedo. Transmural inflam w/ fibrinoid necrosis. Assoc w/ Hep B.
Paclitaxel
hyperstabilize tubues
Oxytocin
milk letdown
Oxymetazoline
a1 agonist decongestant
Osteoprotegrin
Binds RANKL and prevents it from binding osteoclast precursors
Opiate mechanism
Open K channels, close Ca channels
Ondansetron
5HT3 antagonist
Omalizumab
Anti IgE
Nizatidine
H2 blocker
Nesiritide
Recombinant form of BNP
Neprilysin
Metalloprotease that cleaves BNP
Naltrexone
Long acting opioid/ETOH antagonist
N20 anesthesia properties
low blood and lipid solubility for fast induction and low potency
MTX
folic acid analog that competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Montelukast
Antagonizes leukotriene D4 receptor
Misoprostol
PGE1 analog
Mirtazapine mechanism
a2 antagonist (increase NE and 5HT release)
Minoxidil
Direct arteriolar vasodilator
Milnacipram
SNRI
Migraine treatment (2)
Triptans, ergots
miglitol
a-glucosidase inhibitor
Mifepristone
Anti-progestin
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Purpura, Hemoptysis, Hematuria, p-ANCA (anti-MPO).
mg hydroxide SE’s
Diarrhea, HoTN, hyporeflexia, hypoK
Mg
inhibits Ca influx into airway smooth muscle and stabilizes T cells
Mexiletine
Class 1B
Metyrapone
Blocks conversion of 11DOC to Cortisol
Metolazone
Thiazides
Metoclopramide
D2 antagonist for central nausea, migraines, gastroparesis
Methysergide
Ergot alkaloid for migraines
Methoxyflurane SE
nephrotoxicity
Methimazole
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase
Methacholine
M3 agonist (vagus causes bronchoconstriction and secretion)
Meperidine
Opioid
Memantine
NMDA antagonist to prevent excitotoxicity in AD
Meglitinides (-glinide)
Bind K channels to increase insulin release
Meclizine
1st gen antihistamine
lurasidone
atypical antipsychotic
LTC/D/E4 effects
Increase bronchial tone, vasoconstriction, increase vascular permeability
Loratidine
2nd gen antihistamine
Loperamide
opioid gut motility slower
Local anesthetic mechanism
bind Na channels on the inner portion, less penetration in acidic tissue
Liraglutide
GLP-1 analog
Lidocaine
Class 1B
Letrozole
Aromatase inhibitor, for postmenopausal ER+
Lepirudin
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Lamotrigine mechanims
blocks voltage gated Na channels
Ketoconazole
Inhibits steroid synthesis (17,20 desmolase). Can use for ACTH, PCOS
Kappa opioid receptor
miosis, dysphoria
Ivabradine
Closes If channels to decrease the HR
ITP
Anti gp2b/IIIa antibodies
Isocarboxid
MAOi
Ipratropium
muscarinic antagonist (prevents bronchoconstriction)
Infliximab
anti-TNF Mab
Indapamide
Thiazides
Imiquimod
TLR agnost that activates NFKB for warts and actinic keratosis
Iloprost
PGI2 with vasodilatory effects for pHTN
Icretins (2) Name and Function
GLP-1, GIP. Increase B cell sensitivity to glucose
Ibutilide
Class III
Hydroxyzine
non-selective antihistamine
Hydroxyzine
1st gen antihistamine, anxiolytic
How to reverse neuromuscular blockade (what drug)
NEOSTIGMINE (w/ atropine to prevent muscarinic effects)
High blood gas coefficient
more anesthetic needed for CNS saturation
HBC disease amino acid change
Glutamic Acid (-) to lysine
Halothane SE
hepatotoxicity
Halothane anesthesia properties
high blood and lipid solubility for slow induction and high potency
Guillain Barre Treatment
IVIG or plasmapheresis (NO steroids)
Granulosa cell
Stimualted by FSH, uses aromatase
Granulomatosis w. PA (Wegeners)
Sinusitis, hemoptysis, RPGN. Focal necortizing granulomas. C-anca (anti-proteinase 3)
Glyburide
2nd generation Sulfonylurea
GLP-1 analog side effects
N/V, pancreatitis, weight loss
Glitazone/Thiazolidinedione SE’s
HF, bladder cancer, weight gain, edema
Glitazone/Thiazolidinedione
Binds to PPAR-y to increase insulin sensitivity in the periphery
Glipizide
2nd generation Sulfonylurea
Glimepiride
2nd generation Sulfonylurea
Glanzmann
Gp2bIIIa absence
Galantamine
AchE inhibitor in AD
Formeterol
Long acting B2 agonist
Fondaparinux
LMWH
Fluticasone
Inhaled steroid
Flutamine
Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor
Fluphenazine
High potency 1st gen antipsychotic
Flecainide
Class 1C
Fexofenadine
3rd gen antihistamine
Famotidine
H2 blocker
Exenatide
GLP-1 analog
Exemestane
Aromatase inhibitor, for postmenopausal ER+
Ethosuxamide SE’s
SJS
Ethosuxamide mechanism
blocks T-type Ca channels
Etanercept
decoy TNF-a receptor
Eszopiclone
Non-benzo hypnotic, acts at BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor
Erlotinib
EGFR TK inhbitor
Epoprostenol
PGI2 w/ vasodilatory effects for pHTN
EPO SE
HTN side effect
Eplerenone
competitive aldo antagonist (like spirono)
Epitfibatide
Bind GIIb/IIIa receptor on activated plts, preventing aggregation
Entacapone
Peripheral COMT inhibitor
Enoxaparin
LMWH
Enkephalin opioid receptor
antidepressant
Enflurane SE
seizures
Eculizumab
MAC inhibitor for PNH
Echothiophate
Anti Cholinesterase in eye
Duloxetine
SNRI
Drug for SLE with severe skin involvment
Hydroxychloroquine
Drug for SLE with renal involvement
Cyclophosphamide
doxepin
TCA
Donepezil
AchE inhibitor in AD
Dofetilide
Class III
Disopyramide
Class 1A
Direct (M3) cholinomimetics in eye
increased outflow due to ciliary muscle contraction (opens trabecular meshwork)
Dipyridamole
PDE3 inhibitor to increase cAMP in platelets and inhibit aggregation. Use in intermittent claud.
Diphenhydramine
1st gen antihistamine
Dimenhydrate
1st gen antihistamine
Diltiazem
Non DHP CCB
Diclofenac
NSAID
Desmopressin
ADH analog
Dephenoxylate
Opioid
Demecloclycline
Blocks ADH channels in kidney, use to tx SIADH
Dano/Doxorubicine
Free radicals that intercalate in DNA
Danazol
synthetic androgen partial agonist, suppresses LH/FSH
Dalteparin
LMWH
Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
Intercalates in DNA
Dabigatran
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Cytarabine
Pyrimidine analog (inhibits DNA pol)
Cyclobenzaprine
central skeletal muscle relaxant
Custer headache treatment
100% O2, triptan
Cromolyn sodium
inhibits mast cell degranulation
Colchicine
binds and stabilizes tubule and impairs neutrophil chemotaxis
Cluster headache prophy
verapamil
Clopidogrel
ADP receptor inhibitor (prevents Iib/IIIa expression)
Clomipramine
TCA for OCD
Clomiphene
antagonist at ER’s in hypothalamus, increase LH and FSH
Class III action on heart
Increased APD, increased QT, Increased PR, no effect on QRS
Class IC action on Heart
Prolongs QRS, no APD effect. No increased QT. Slowest of class 1 to dissociate (most use dep)
Class IB action on heart
Shorten APD
Class IA action on heart
Prolong APD, increase QT
Cladribine
ADA inhibitor (purine analog) used to treat hairy cell leukemia
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Cross link DNA
Cimetidine class and SE’s
H2 blocker, anti-androgenic, crosses BBB
Cilostazol
PDE3 inhibitor to increase cAMP in platelets and inhibit aggregation. Use in intermittent claud.
Churg Strauss
Asthma, sinusitis, neuropathy w/ foot drop, p-ANCA, increased IgE
Chlorthalidone
Thiazides
Chlorpropamide
1st generation Sulfonylurea
Chlorpromazine SE
corneal deposits
Chlorpromazine
Low potency 1st gen antipsychotic
Chlorpheniramine
1st gen antihistamine
Chloral hydrate
non-benz hypnotic
Cetuximab
Mab against EGFR
Cetirizine
4th gen antihistamine
Carbidopa
Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor
Carbamazepine SE’s
agranulo, aplastic anemia, liver tox, SIADH, SJS
Carbamazepine mechanism
blocks Na channels
Cabergoline
DA agonist for prolactinoma
Ca Oxalate stone treatment
thiazides, citrate
Ca Carbonate SE
hypoK
Butorphanol
K-agonist, u partial agonist
Busulfan
Cross links DNA
Buspirone
5HT-1A receptor agonist
Bupropion mechanism
increase Na and DA
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic
Budesonide
Inhaled steroid
Bromodinine
A2 agonist for glaucoma
Bromocriptine in PD
Ergot DA agonist
Bosentan
Endothelin receptor antagonist
bortezomib
Proteasome inhibitor
Bleomycin
free radical generator that makes DNA strand breaks
Bivalirudin
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Bisphosphonates mechanism
Pyrophosphate analogs to bind hydroxyapetite in bone and cause calst apoptosis
Bernard Soulier
Gp1b absence
Benztropine in PD
Antimuscarinic
Benzos mech
increases frequency of Cl channel opening
BB do what to potassium
shift out of cell
Basophils
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, B-HcG
Barbiturates mech
increases duration of Cl channel opening
Baclofen
activates GABA B receptors in spinal cord to cause muscle relaxation
B-blockers in eye
decreased acqueous humor synthesis
Atracurium
nondepolarizing NMJ blocker
Asenapine
atypical antipsychotic
Aripiprazole
Ayptical antipsychotic, partial D2 agonist
Argatroban
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Apixaban
Direct Factor X inhibitor
Antipsychotic cardiac SE
QT prolongation
Anastrozole
Aromatase inhibitor, for postmenopausal ER+
amoxapine
TCA
Amiodarone Class and SE’s
Class III, photodermatitis, hypo/hyperthyroid, hepatitis. Only class III that doesn’t cause TDP
Aminocaproic Acid
Used for tPA reversal
Amiloride
Blocks ENAC
Amifostine
Free radical scavenger to decrase nephrotox with chemo and decrease xerostomia
Amide anesthetic properties
2 I’s
Amantadine in PD
Increase DA release and decrease reuptake
Aluminum hydroxide SE’s
constipation, muscle weakness (hypoK), osteodystrophy, seizures
Alprostadil
intraurethral prostaglandin pellet
Adenosine
Increases K out of cells, terminates SVC by decreasing nodal conduction (dec HR)
Adalimumab
anti-TNF Mab
Acidophils
GH, PRL
Acetazolamide in eye
decreased acqueous humor synthesis
Acarbose
a-glucosidase inhibitor
Acamprosate
NMDA modulator
Abciximab
Bind GIIb/IIIa receptor on activated plts, preventing aggregation
a-glucosidase inhibitors action and SE
inhibit brush border for diabetes, increase LFT’s
A agonists in eye
decreased acqueous humor synthesis, mydriasis (cannot give closed angle)
1st generation sulfonylurea specific side effect
disulfiram like
(-prost) in eye
increased outflow
(-peridone)
atypical antipsychotic
(-mustine) nitrosoureas
X link DNA
(-ipramine)
TCA
(-gliptins)
DPP4 inhbitors (DPP4 usually inactivates GLP-1)
(-gliflozin)
SGLT2 inhibitors (block PCT glucose resorption)
(-curonium)
nondepolarizing NMJ blockers
