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Alan's First Aid > OS Final Flash Cards > Flashcards

OS Final Flash Cards

1
Q

Zolpidem

A

Non-benzo hypnotic, acts at BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor

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2
Q

ziprazidone

A

atypical antipsychotic

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3
Q

Zileuton

A

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

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4
Q

Zaleplon

A

Non-benzo hypnotic, acts at BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor

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5
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Antagonizes leukotriene D4 receptor

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6
Q

Which class of cardiac drugs are contraindicated post-MI (pro-arrythmic)

A

Class 1C

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7
Q

Vincristine

A

Bind B-tubulin to prevent spindle formation

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8
Q

Verapamil

A

Non DHP CCB

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9
Q

Vemurafenib

A

For BRAF melanoma

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10
Q

Varenicline

A

partial nicotine agonist

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11
Q

Vardenafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor

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12
Q

Valproate SE’s

A

GI distress, hepatotox (LFT’s), NT defects, tremor, wt gain

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13
Q

Valproate mechanism

A

Increased NA channel inactivation, increased GABA concentration

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14
Q

Uliprostal

A

Anti-progestin

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15
Q

tubocurarine

A

nondepolarizing NMJ blocker

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16
Q

Troglitazone SE

A

Hepatotox (Specific)

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17
Q

Triptans

A

5HT1B/1D agonist

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18
Q

Trihexyphenidyl in PD

A

Antimuscarinic

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19
Q

Trifluoperazine

A

High potency 1st gen antipsychotic

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20
Q

Triamterine

A

Blocks ENAC

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21
Q

Treatment for serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine

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22
Q

Treatment for methemoglbinemia

A

methylene blue and vitamin C

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23
Q

Treatment for HUS

A

plasmapheresis

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24
Q

Treatment for BB overdose

A

Glucagon

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25
Q

Treatment for asthma

A

leukotriene modulators

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26
Q

Trazodone mechanism

A

blocks 5-HT2, a1 adrenergic, and H1 receptors

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27
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAOi

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28
Q

Tramadol

A

weak opioid agonist, inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake

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29
Q

Torsemide

A

Loop diuretic

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30
Q

Topiramate mechanism

A

Blocks Na channels and increases GABA action

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31
Q

Tolvaptan

A

Induces nephrogenic DI, use to tx SIADH

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32
Q

Tolcapone

A

Peripheral and central COMT inhibitor

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33
Q

Tolbutamide

A

1st generation Sulfonylurea

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34
Q

Tocopherol in AD

A

Vitamin E

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35
Q

Tirofiban

A

Bind GIIb/IIIa receptor on activated plts, preventing aggregation

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36
Q

Ticlopidine

A

ADP receptor inhibitor (prevents Iib/IIIa expression)

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37
Q

Ticagrelor

A

ADP receptor inhibitor (prevents Iib/IIIa expression)

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38
Q

Thioridizine

A

Low potency 1st gen antipsychotic

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39
Q

Thioridazine SE

A

retinal deposits

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40
Q

Theopjhylline

A

PDE inhibitor

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41
Q

Theophylline SE

A

Cardiotox, neurotox, tremor, seizures

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42
Q

Theca Interna Cell

A

Stimulated by LH, uses desmolase to convert cholesterol to androgens

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43
Q

Tetrabenazine

A

good in HD, prevents vesicular monoamine transporter to decrease DA release

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44
Q

Test drug for Prinzmetal

A

Ergonovine

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45
Q

Test drug for Coroneary steal (2)

A

Adenosine, Dipyridamole

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46
Q

Teripartide

A

PTH analog that increases osteoblast activity

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47
Q

Terbutaline

A

B2 agonist

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48
Q

Teniposide

A

inhibits top II

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49
Q

TDP treatment

A

Magnesium Sulfate

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50
Q

TCA acid base SE

A

mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis

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51
Q

Tamsulosin

A

a1 antagonist (selective for A,D) - no HoTN

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52
Q

Tadalafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor

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53
Q

Tacrine

A

AchE inhibitor in AD

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54
Q

T-FU

A

Inhibits thymidlyate synthase, enhanced by leukovorin

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55
Q

Sulfonylurea action

A

close K+ channel and cause insulin release (hypoglycemia)

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56
Q

Streptozocin

A

X link DNA

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57
Q

Status epilepticus first line treatment

A

benzo

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58
Q

Spironolactone

A

inhibits steroid binding, potassium sparing diuretic

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59
Q

SPINK1

A

Trypsin inhibitor in pancreas. Mutations cause hereditary pancreatitis

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60
Q

Sotalol

A

Class III

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61
Q

SNRIs used for what in diabetes

A

neuropathy

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62
Q

Sildenafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor

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63
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors SE’s

A

UTI, ortho HoTN

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64
Q

Sevelamer

A

phos binder that decreases PO4 absorption in GI tract

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65
Q

Selegiline

A

MAO B inhibitor

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66
Q

SCD amino acid change

A

Glutamic Acid (-) to valine (0)

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67
Q

Salmeterol

A

Long acting B2 agonist

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68
Q

Ropinirole in PD

A

Non-ergot DA agonist

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69
Q

Rivastigmine

A

AchE inhibitor in AD

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70
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Direct Factor X inhibitor

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71
Q

Ritodrine

A

B2 agonist

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72
Q

Risperidone SE

A

hyperprolactinemia

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73
Q

Risk for transitional cell carcinoma exposure

A

phenacetin, aniline dye (rubber)

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74
Q

Riluzole

A

In ALS to reduce glutamate excitotox

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75
Q

Reserpine

A

good in HD, prevents vesicular monoamine transporter to decrease DA release

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76
Q

Reserpine

A

lowers BP by depleting catechol and 5HT stores, can cause severe depression

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77
Q

Rasigiline

A

MAO B inhibitor

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78
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 blocker

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79
Q

Ramelteon

A

melatonin agonist

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80
Q

Quinidine Class and SE’s

A

Class 1A - cinchonism (HA, tinnitus)

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81
Q

PTU

A

Inhibits Thyroid Peroxidase and 5-deiodinase (T4 to T3)

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82
Q

Propofol mechanism

A

potentiates GABA

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83
Q

Propiomelanocortin (POMC) derived hormones

A

ACTH, MSH, B-endorphin

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84
Q

Prophy for Migraines

A

BB, CCB, Amitryptiline, topiramate, valproate

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85
Q

Propafenone

A

Class 1C

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86
Q

Promethizine

A

1st gen antihistamine

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87
Q

Promethazine

A

D2 antagonist for central nausea, migraines, gastroparesis

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88
Q

Prolactin

A

Induces and maintains lactation

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89
Q

Progestins SE’s

A

Cause bone loss

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90
Q

Procarbazine

A

MAOi

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91
Q

Procainamide

A

Class 1A

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92
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin analog for diabestes (decreased emptying)

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93
Q

Pramipexole in PD

A

Non-ergot DA agonist

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94
Q

Pramipexole

A

DA agonist

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95
Q

Phenytoin SE’s

A

Hirsutism, nystagmus, SJS, ging hyperplasia (PDGF), DRESS, megalo anemia

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96
Q

Phenytoin mechanism

A

Increases Na channel inactivation

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97
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOi

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98
Q

Peroxicam

A

NSAID

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99
Q

Pergolide in PD

A

Ergot DA agonist

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100
Q

Perchlorate, Pertechnate

A

Inhibit the Na/I symporter in the thyroid

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101
Q

Pentoxifylline

A

Enhances blood flow by increasing RBC deformability in claudication

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102
Q

Pentazocine

A

Opioid

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103
Q

Pentazocine

A

K-agonist and u antagonist

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104
Q

PAN vasculitis

A

Renal damage, GI bleed, Livedo. Transmural inflam w/ fibrinoid necrosis. Assoc w/ Hep B.

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105
Q

Paclitaxel

A

hyperstabilize tubues

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106
Q

Oxytocin

A

milk letdown

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107
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

a1 agonist decongestant

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108
Q

Osteoprotegrin

A

Binds RANKL and prevents it from binding osteoclast precursors

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109
Q

Opiate mechanism

A

Open K channels, close Ca channels

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110
Q

Ondansetron

A

5HT3 antagonist

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111
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti IgE

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112
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 blocker

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113
Q

Nesiritide

A

Recombinant form of BNP

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114
Q

Neprilysin

A

Metalloprotease that cleaves BNP

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115
Q

Naltrexone

A

Long acting opioid/ETOH antagonist

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116
Q

N20 anesthesia properties

A

low blood and lipid solubility for fast induction and low potency

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117
Q

MTX

A

folic acid analog that competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

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118
Q

Montelukast

A

Antagonizes leukotriene D4 receptor

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119
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 analog

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120
Q

Mirtazapine mechanism

A

a2 antagonist (increase NE and 5HT release)

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121
Q

Minoxidil

A

Direct arteriolar vasodilator

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122
Q

Milnacipram

A

SNRI

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123
Q

Migraine treatment (2)

A

Triptans, ergots

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124
Q

miglitol

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor

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125
Q

Mifepristone

A

Anti-progestin

126
Q

Microscopic Polyangiitis

A

Purpura, Hemoptysis, Hematuria, p-ANCA (anti-MPO).

127
Q

mg hydroxide SE’s

A

Diarrhea, HoTN, hyporeflexia, hypoK

128
Q

Mg

A

inhibits Ca influx into airway smooth muscle and stabilizes T cells

129
Q

Mexiletine

A

Class 1B

130
Q

Metyrapone

A

Blocks conversion of 11DOC to Cortisol

131
Q

Metolazone

A

Thiazides

132
Q

Metoclopramide

A

D2 antagonist for central nausea, migraines, gastroparesis

133
Q

Methysergide

A

Ergot alkaloid for migraines

134
Q

Methoxyflurane SE

A

nephrotoxicity

135
Q

Methimazole

A

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase

136
Q

Methacholine

A

M3 agonist (vagus causes bronchoconstriction and secretion)

137
Q

Meperidine

A

Opioid

138
Q

Memantine

A

NMDA antagonist to prevent excitotoxicity in AD

139
Q

Meglitinides (-glinide)

A

Bind K channels to increase insulin release

140
Q

Meclizine

A

1st gen antihistamine

141
Q

lurasidone

A

atypical antipsychotic

142
Q

LTC/D/E4 effects

A

Increase bronchial tone, vasoconstriction, increase vascular permeability

143
Q

Loratidine

A

2nd gen antihistamine

144
Q

Loperamide

A

opioid gut motility slower

145
Q

Local anesthetic mechanism

A

bind Na channels on the inner portion, less penetration in acidic tissue

146
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 analog

147
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class 1B

148
Q

Letrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor, for postmenopausal ER+

149
Q

Lepirudin

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

150
Q

Lamotrigine mechanims

A

blocks voltage gated Na channels

151
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Inhibits steroid synthesis (17,20 desmolase). Can use for ACTH, PCOS

152
Q

Kappa opioid receptor

A

miosis, dysphoria

153
Q

Ivabradine

A

Closes If channels to decrease the HR

154
Q

ITP

A

Anti gp2b/IIIa antibodies

155
Q

Isocarboxid

A

MAOi

156
Q

Ipratropium

A

muscarinic antagonist (prevents bronchoconstriction)

157
Q

Infliximab

A

anti-TNF Mab

158
Q

Indapamide

A

Thiazides

159
Q

Imiquimod

A

TLR agnost that activates NFKB for warts and actinic keratosis

160
Q

Iloprost

A

PGI2 with vasodilatory effects for pHTN

161
Q

Icretins (2) Name and Function

A

GLP-1, GIP. Increase B cell sensitivity to glucose

162
Q

Ibutilide

A

Class III

163
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

non-selective antihistamine

164
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

1st gen antihistamine, anxiolytic

165
Q

How to reverse neuromuscular blockade (what drug)

A

NEOSTIGMINE (w/ atropine to prevent muscarinic effects)

166
Q

High blood gas coefficient

A

more anesthetic needed for CNS saturation

167
Q

HBC disease amino acid change

A

Glutamic Acid (-) to lysine

168
Q

Halothane SE

A

hepatotoxicity

169
Q

Halothane anesthesia properties

A

high blood and lipid solubility for slow induction and high potency

170
Q

Guillain Barre Treatment

A

IVIG or plasmapheresis (NO steroids)

171
Q

Granulosa cell

A

Stimualted by FSH, uses aromatase

172
Q

Granulomatosis w. PA (Wegeners)

A

Sinusitis, hemoptysis, RPGN. Focal necortizing granulomas. C-anca (anti-proteinase 3)

173
Q

Glyburide

A

2nd generation Sulfonylurea

174
Q

GLP-1 analog side effects

A

N/V, pancreatitis, weight loss

175
Q

Glitazone/Thiazolidinedione SE’s

A

HF, bladder cancer, weight gain, edema

176
Q

Glitazone/Thiazolidinedione

A

Binds to PPAR-y to increase insulin sensitivity in the periphery

177
Q

Glipizide

A

2nd generation Sulfonylurea

178
Q

Glimepiride

A

2nd generation Sulfonylurea

179
Q

Glanzmann

A

Gp2bIIIa absence

180
Q

Galantamine

A

AchE inhibitor in AD

181
Q

Formeterol

A

Long acting B2 agonist

182
Q

Fondaparinux

A

LMWH

183
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled steroid

184
Q

Flutamine

A

Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor

185
Q

Fluphenazine

A

High potency 1st gen antipsychotic

186
Q

Flecainide

A

Class 1C

187
Q

Fexofenadine

A

3rd gen antihistamine

188
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 blocker

189
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1 analog

190
Q

Exemestane

A

Aromatase inhibitor, for postmenopausal ER+

191
Q

Ethosuxamide SE’s

A

SJS

192
Q

Ethosuxamide mechanism

A

blocks T-type Ca channels

193
Q

Etanercept

A

decoy TNF-a receptor

194
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Non-benzo hypnotic, acts at BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor

195
Q

Erlotinib

A

EGFR TK inhbitor

196
Q

Epoprostenol

A

PGI2 w/ vasodilatory effects for pHTN

197
Q

EPO SE

A

HTN side effect

198
Q

Eplerenone

A

competitive aldo antagonist (like spirono)

199
Q

Epitfibatide

A

Bind GIIb/IIIa receptor on activated plts, preventing aggregation

200
Q

Entacapone

A

Peripheral COMT inhibitor

201
Q

Enoxaparin

A

LMWH

202
Q

Enkephalin opioid receptor

A

antidepressant

203
Q

Enflurane SE

A

seizures

204
Q

Eculizumab

A

MAC inhibitor for PNH

205
Q

Echothiophate

A

Anti Cholinesterase in eye

206
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI

207
Q

Drug for SLE with severe skin involvment

A

Hydroxychloroquine

208
Q

Drug for SLE with renal involvement

A

Cyclophosphamide

209
Q

doxepin

A

TCA

210
Q

Donepezil

A

AchE inhibitor in AD

211
Q

Dofetilide

A

Class III

212
Q

Disopyramide

A

Class 1A

213
Q

Direct (M3) cholinomimetics in eye

A

increased outflow due to ciliary muscle contraction (opens trabecular meshwork)

214
Q

Dipyridamole

A

PDE3 inhibitor to increase cAMP in platelets and inhibit aggregation. Use in intermittent claud.

215
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

1st gen antihistamine

216
Q

Dimenhydrate

A

1st gen antihistamine

217
Q

Diltiazem

A

Non DHP CCB

218
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID

219
Q

Desmopressin

A

ADH analog

220
Q

Dephenoxylate

A

Opioid

221
Q

Demecloclycline

A

Blocks ADH channels in kidney, use to tx SIADH

222
Q

Dano/Doxorubicine

A

Free radicals that intercalate in DNA

223
Q

Danazol

A

synthetic androgen partial agonist, suppresses LH/FSH

224
Q

Dalteparin

A

LMWH

225
Q

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)

A

Intercalates in DNA

226
Q

Dabigatran

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

227
Q

Cytarabine

A

Pyrimidine analog (inhibits DNA pol)

228
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

central skeletal muscle relaxant

229
Q

Custer headache treatment

A

100% O2, triptan

230
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

inhibits mast cell degranulation

231
Q

Colchicine

A

binds and stabilizes tubule and impairs neutrophil chemotaxis

232
Q

Cluster headache prophy

A

verapamil

233
Q

Clopidogrel

A

ADP receptor inhibitor (prevents Iib/IIIa expression)

234
Q

Clomipramine

A

TCA for OCD

235
Q

Clomiphene

A

antagonist at ER’s in hypothalamus, increase LH and FSH

236
Q

Class III action on heart

A

Increased APD, increased QT, Increased PR, no effect on QRS

237
Q

Class IC action on Heart

A

Prolongs QRS, no APD effect. No increased QT. Slowest of class 1 to dissociate (most use dep)

238
Q

Class IB action on heart

A

Shorten APD

239
Q

Class IA action on heart

A

Prolong APD, increase QT

240
Q

Cladribine

A

ADA inhibitor (purine analog) used to treat hairy cell leukemia

241
Q

Cisplatin/Carboplatin

A

Cross link DNA

242
Q

Cimetidine class and SE’s

A

H2 blocker, anti-androgenic, crosses BBB

243
Q

Cilostazol

A

PDE3 inhibitor to increase cAMP in platelets and inhibit aggregation. Use in intermittent claud.

244
Q

Churg Strauss

A

Asthma, sinusitis, neuropathy w/ foot drop, p-ANCA, increased IgE

245
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Thiazides

246
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

1st generation Sulfonylurea

247
Q

Chlorpromazine SE

A

corneal deposits

248
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Low potency 1st gen antipsychotic

249
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

1st gen antihistamine

250
Q

Chloral hydrate

A

non-benz hypnotic

251
Q

Cetuximab

A

Mab against EGFR

252
Q

Cetirizine

A

4th gen antihistamine

253
Q

Carbidopa

A

Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor

254
Q

Carbamazepine SE’s

A

agranulo, aplastic anemia, liver tox, SIADH, SJS

255
Q

Carbamazepine mechanism

A

blocks Na channels

256
Q

Cabergoline

A

DA agonist for prolactinoma

257
Q

Ca Oxalate stone treatment

A

thiazides, citrate

258
Q

Ca Carbonate SE

A

hypoK

259
Q

Butorphanol

A

K-agonist, u partial agonist

260
Q

Busulfan

A

Cross links DNA

261
Q

Buspirone

A

5HT-1A receptor agonist

262
Q

Bupropion mechanism

A

increase Na and DA

263
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic

264
Q

Budesonide

A

Inhaled steroid

265
Q

Bromodinine

A

A2 agonist for glaucoma

266
Q

Bromocriptine in PD

A

Ergot DA agonist

267
Q

Bosentan

A

Endothelin receptor antagonist

268
Q

bortezomib

A

Proteasome inhibitor

269
Q

Bleomycin

A

free radical generator that makes DNA strand breaks

270
Q

Bivalirudin

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

271
Q

Bisphosphonates mechanism

A

Pyrophosphate analogs to bind hydroxyapetite in bone and cause calst apoptosis

272
Q

Bernard Soulier

A

Gp1b absence

273
Q

Benztropine in PD

A

Antimuscarinic

274
Q

Benzos mech

A

increases frequency of Cl channel opening

275
Q

BB do what to potassium

A

shift out of cell

276
Q

Basophils

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, B-HcG

277
Q

Barbiturates mech

A

increases duration of Cl channel opening

278
Q

Baclofen

A

activates GABA B receptors in spinal cord to cause muscle relaxation

279
Q

B-blockers in eye

A

decreased acqueous humor synthesis

280
Q

Atracurium

A

nondepolarizing NMJ blocker

281
Q

Asenapine

A

atypical antipsychotic

282
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Ayptical antipsychotic, partial D2 agonist

283
Q

Argatroban

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

284
Q

Apixaban

A

Direct Factor X inhibitor

285
Q

Antipsychotic cardiac SE

A

QT prolongation

286
Q

Anastrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor, for postmenopausal ER+

287
Q

amoxapine

A

TCA

288
Q

Amiodarone Class and SE’s

A

Class III, photodermatitis, hypo/hyperthyroid, hepatitis. Only class III that doesn’t cause TDP

289
Q

Aminocaproic Acid

A

Used for tPA reversal

290
Q

Amiloride

A

Blocks ENAC

291
Q

Amifostine

A

Free radical scavenger to decrase nephrotox with chemo and decrease xerostomia

292
Q

Amide anesthetic properties

A

2 I’s

293
Q

Amantadine in PD

A

Increase DA release and decrease reuptake

294
Q

Aluminum hydroxide SE’s

A

constipation, muscle weakness (hypoK), osteodystrophy, seizures

295
Q

Alprostadil

A

intraurethral prostaglandin pellet

296
Q

Adenosine

A

Increases K out of cells, terminates SVC by decreasing nodal conduction (dec HR)

297
Q

Adalimumab

A

anti-TNF Mab

298
Q

Acidophils

A

GH, PRL

299
Q

Acetazolamide in eye

A

decreased acqueous humor synthesis

300
Q

Acarbose

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor

301
Q

Acamprosate

A

NMDA modulator

302
Q

Abciximab

A

Bind GIIb/IIIa receptor on activated plts, preventing aggregation

303
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitors action and SE

A

inhibit brush border for diabetes, increase LFT’s

304
Q

A agonists in eye

A

decreased acqueous humor synthesis, mydriasis (cannot give closed angle)

305
Q

1st generation sulfonylurea specific side effect

A

disulfiram like

306
Q

(-prost) in eye

A

increased outflow

307
Q

(-peridone)

A

atypical antipsychotic

308
Q

(-mustine) nitrosoureas

A

X link DNA

309
Q

(-ipramine)

A

TCA

310
Q

(-gliptins)

A

DPP4 inhbitors (DPP4 usually inactivates GLP-1)

311
Q

(-gliflozin)

A

SGLT2 inhibitors (block PCT glucose resorption)

312
Q

(-curonium)

A

nondepolarizing NMJ blockers

Alan's First Aid (2 decks)

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