BS Step 1 Final Flash Cards
1
Q
Ziehl Nielsen (Carbol Fuschin) Stain
A
acid fast
2
Q
Zidovudine (AZT) SE
A
anemia, baby prophy
3
Q
Zidovudine (AZT) class
A
NRTI
4
Q
Yersinia enterocolitica diarrhea mechanism
A
activates guanylate cylase
5
Q
Worm in conjunctiva
A
Loa Loa
6
Q
Wjere does the anal canal below pec line drain
A
Superficial inguinal
7
Q
Wiskott Inheritance
A
XLR
8
Q
Wiskott Aldrich Pathology
A
T cells cannot reorganize actin skeleton
9
Q
Which species to prevent hypnozoites in
A
vivax/ovale
10
Q
Where does the uterus drain
A
external iliac
11
Q
Where does the skin below umbilicus drain
A
Superficial inguinal
12
Q
Where does the scrotum/vulva drain
A
Superficial inguinal
13
Q
Where does the glans penis or clitoris drain
A
Deep inguinal
14
Q
Where does rectum above pec line drain
A
Internal iliac
15
Q
Where does prostate drain
A
Internal iliac
16
Q
Where does dorsolateral foot and posterior calf drain
A
Popliteal
17
Q
Where does corpus of penis and proximal vagina drain
A
Internal iliac
18
Q
Where does cervix drain
A
Internal iliac
19
Q
Where does bladder drain
A
Internal Iliac
20
Q
Where do salmonella and shigella invade
A
M cells of Peyer’s patches
21
Q
Where are T cells in the spleen
A
periarteriolar lymphatic sheath
22
Q
What you can use aztreonam for
A
only GNR’s
23
Q
What two IL’s induce differentiation of TH1
A
IFNy and IL12
24
Q
What to use for atropine poisoning
A
physostigmine
25
What to supplement with ampho B
K and Mg because of altered tubule permeability
26
What to always give with imipenem
cilistatin (inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I)
27
What to add to malaria tx to prevent hypnozoite relapse
Primaquine
28
What promotes viral release in flu
Neuraminidase
29
What promotes viral entry in flu
Hemaglutinnin
30
What MHC uses invariant chain (a b polypeptides)
MHCII
31
What MHC uses B2 microglobulin
MHCI
32
What loads antigens onto MHC1 in RER
TAP
33
What is the most important product to make abs to in flu
Hemaglutinnin
34
What is needed for INH to be converted to active
Bacterial catalast peroxidase (KatG)
35
What IL's activate osteoclasts
IL1 and IL6
36
What IL induces differentiation of TH2
IL4
37
What does LPS activate
TLR4, complement, tissue factor
38
What do you use chloramphenicol for
meningitis, RMSF
39
What can you not take with FQ's
Ca
40
What can you not take tetracyclines with
Ca, Mg, Fe (cations)
41
What blocks complex 4 of electron transport
Cyanide CO
42
What bacterial toxin inactivates Rho-regulatory proteins
C Diff
43
What are the two polyomaviruses
JC virus and GK virus
44
What are the two opsonins
C3b and IgG
45
What are NK's derived from
Lymphocytes (only innate derived from these)
46
Warfarin CYP450
Substrate
47
Vancomycin/bacitracin mechanism
inhibits peptidoglycan formation by binding D-ala-D-ala of cell wall
48
Valacyclovir is what
acyclovir prodrug with better oral bioavailability
49
Use of clindamycin
anaerobes avobe diaphragm
50
Use of aminoglycosides
severe GNR's, pseudomonas, cannot use for anaerobes (need O2 uptake)
51
Tx for leprosy
Dapsone, rifampin
52
Tx for crypto (acute and lifelong)
Ampho/flucytosine acute, lifelong fluconazole
53
Tx for babesiosis
atovaquone or quinidine
54
Trypanosoma cruzi treatment
benznidazole, nifurtimox
55
Tropicamide
Muscarinic antagonist (mydriasis and cycloplegia)
56
Trophozoites w/ engulfed RBC's in cytoplasm or stool
Entamoeba Histolitica
57
Trimetoprim SE's
megalo anemia, leukopenia, NT defects
58
Trimethorprim mechanism
inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
59
Treatment for organophosphate toxicity
atropine, early pralidoxime (binds organophosphates)
60
Tolterodine
Muscarinic antagonist for urge incontinence
61
Togavirus (2)
Rubella, Equine encephalitis
62
Tobramycin class
Aminoglycosides
63
TMP-SMX CYP450
Inhibitor
64
Timolol
B1 and B2 blockers
65
Theophylline CYP450
Substrate
66
Tetracyclines mechanism
Bind 30s to prevent aminoacyl-tRNA attachment
67
Tetanospasmin
zinc protease cleaves SNARE (dec NT release of glycine/GABA)
68
Terbinafine mechanism
inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase. Use in dermatophyses.
69
Tenofovir class
NRTI
70
Teardrop multinucleated trophozoites w/ sucking disc in cysts/stool
Giardia
71
Tapeworm with B12 deficiency
Diphyllobothrium Latum
72
Tapeworm from underbooked pork (cysticercosis)
Taenia solium
73
Tamsulosin
a1 selective blocker
74
Tacrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor (binds FK506)
75
Sulfonamides SE's
G6PD, nephrotox, photosensitivity, kernicterus
76
Sulfonamides mechanism
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (mimic PABA)
77
Stronglyoides transmission
feet in soil, streaks to lungs
78
Streptomycin mechanism
blocks 30s
79
Streptomycin class
Aminoglycosides
80
Strep Pyogenes toxin fn
Streptolysin - degrades membranes, lyses PMN's/RBC's.
81
Strep Pyogenes Exotoxin A
binds MHC and TCR outside antigen binding - TSS, scarlet fever
82
Strep pyogenes erythrogenic toxin
desquamation, scarlet fever
83
Steroid mechanism in immunosuprresion
Inhibits NF-Kb (anti apoptotic) and decreases all cytokines
84
Stavudine class
NRTI
85
Statins CYP450
Substrate
86
Staph Aureus Protein A
virulence factor - binds Fc-IgG, inhibits complement and phagocytosis
87
Staph A TSST-1 fn
bind MHC and TCR outside antigen binding
88
Staph A Exfoliative toxin
binds MHC and TCR outside antigen binding - SSS, protease for desmosome desmoglein
89
Staph A Enterotoxin
binds MHC and TCR outside antigen binding - food poisoning
90
SSRI's CYP450
Inhibitor
91
Sporothrix tx
itraconazole/potassium iodide
92
Spironolactone CYP450
Inhibitor
93
Spiking fevers, HSM, from sandfly
Leishmaniasis
94
Solofenacin
Muscarinic antagonist for urge incontinence
95
Sofosbuvir
inhibits HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Chain terminator
96
SJW CYP450
Inducer
97
Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
MTOR inhibitor (binds FK506), prevents response to IL-2
98
Simeprivir mechanism
HCV protease inhibitor
99
Shiga (like) toxin mechanism
60s inactivation
100
Serpentine medusa-head chains
Anthrax
101
SE Sofosbuvir
fatigue, HA, nausea
102
SE ribavirin
hemolytic anemia, severe teratogen
103
SE of chloramphenicol
aplastic anemia, gray baby (lack of UDP transferase)
104
SE of carbapanems
seizures
105
SE NRTI's
BM suppression, lactic acidosis, mitochondrial toxicity, lipodystrophy
106
SE linezolid
thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome (weak MAO-I)
107
SE Ganciclovir
BM suppression (neutropenia, thrombocyto)
108
SE Daptomycin
Myopathy and rhabdo
109
SE chloroquine
retinopathy, torsades, pruritis
110
Scopolamine
Muscarinic antagonist for motion sickness
111
SCC of the bladder and pHTN (fluke)
Schistosoma haematobium
112
Sarin gas
irreversibly inhibits ACHE
113
Sanguinis
Type of Viridans, makes dextrans from sucrose, which bind fibrin/plts on heart/teeth
114
Salmeterol
long acting B2 agonist
115
Sabouraud Agar
Fungi
116
Roundworm with hydatid cysts in liver (due to dogs/sheep)
Echinococcus Granulosus
117
Roundworm with gallstones and cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis
118
Roundworm in biliary tract/ileocecal valve
Ascaris lumbricoides
119
Rotenone
blocks complex 1 (NADH) of electron transport
120
Romiplostim and etrombopag
TPO (thrombocyto) recomb cytokine
121
Rocket tails, tumbling motility
Listeria
122
River blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
123
Rivastigmine
Anticholinesterase
124
Ritonavir CYP450
Inhibitor
125
Ring and cross form in RBC
Babesiosis
126
Rifamycins mechanism
inhibit DNA-dependdent RNA polymerase
127
Rifamycin side effects
Hepatotoxicity, orange body fluids
128
Rifampin CYP450
Inducer
129
Ribavirin mechanism
inhbiits guanine nucleotide syntehsis by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
130
Repeat in Friedrich Ataxia
GAA
131
Reovirus viruses (2)
Coltivirus (colorado tick fever), Fotavirus)
132
Reovirus genetic material
DS linear RNA in 10-12 segments, Double icosahedral
133
Regan-Lowe Agar
Bordetella
134
quinidine major side effect
TDP
135
Quinidine CYP450
Inhibitor
136
Pyrizinamide SE's
Hyperuricemia and hepatotoxicity
137
Pyrimethamine mechanism
Inhibits parasite dihydrofolate reductase
138
Pyridostigmine
Anticholinesterase with no CNS penetration
139
Protease Inhibitors ending
end in -navir
140
Protease inhibitor SE's
hyperglycemia, GI intol, lipodystrophy
141
Propranolol
B1 and B2 blockers
142
Prochlorperate
DA antagonist for chemo nauseaa
143
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
a1 selective blocker
144
Praziquantel mechanism
increased Ca permeability
145
Pol in HIV
reverse transcriptiase, protease, integrase
146
Pol gene changes in HIV do what
evade HAART
147
Pindolol
B1 and B2 blockers and partial agonist
148
Pilocarpine
Cholinergic agonist in eye, causes mydriasis, can use in xerostomia
149
Picornaviruses (5)
enteroviruses (polio, echo, rhino, coxsackie, HAV)
150
Physostigmine
Both central and peripheral anticholinesterase
151
Phenytoin CYP450
Inducer
152
phentolamine
competitive reversible alpha blocker
153
phenozybenzamine
non competitive irreversible alpha blocker
154
Phenobarbital CYP450
Inducer
155
Pertussis toxin
Disables Gi to inc camp (edema), impairs phagocytosis
156
Permethrin mechanism
blocks Na channels (neurotox)
157
Pavilizumab
RSV
158
Parvovirus genetic material
SS DNA linear
159
Parathion
Organophosphate
160
Paramyxovirus (4)
RSV, Paraflu, Measles, Mumpes
161
Oxybutynin
Muscarinic antagonist for urge incontinence
162
Oseltamivir, Zanamivir mechanism
inhibit neuraminidase, preventing viral release
163
Organophosphates
Irreversibly inhibit AchE
164
Oprelvekin
IL-11 recomb cystokine (thrombocytopenia)
165
Oocysts in stool on acid fast stain
cryptosporidium
166
Only virus to have nuclear-derived membrane envelope
Herpes
167
Only RNA viruses (2) to erplicate in the cytoplasm
Flu and retrovirus
168
Only NRTI that is a nucleotide (not side) and does not need to be phosphorylated
Tenofovir
169
Only DNA virus not to replicate in nucleus
Pox
170
Only bacteria with polypeptide capsule?
Anthrax (D-glutamate)
171
Omeprazole CYP450
Inhibitor
172
Omalizumab
targets IgE
173
Oligomycin
Blocks complex 5 (O2) of electron transport
174
OCP's CYP450
Inducer
175
OCP's CYP450
Substrate
176
Nystatin mechanism
same as ampho B, too toxic for systemic
177
NRTI's mechanism
competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase by lacking a 3-OH group (cannot form 3-P bond)
178
Notched teeth, CNVIII deagness, saddle nose, snuffles
Congenital Syphillis
179
Norepi
a1, a2, B1
180
Non typhi salmonella transmission
poultry, eggs, turtles
181
Nocardia
Looks like TB, tx TMP-SMX
182
NNRTI SE
SJS, hepatotoxicity
183
nevriapine CYP450
Inducer
184
Nevriapine class
NNRTI
185
Neostigmine
Anticholinesterase with no CNS penetration
186
Neomycin class
Aminoglycosides
187
Nebivolol
B1 blockade with B3 stimulation (increase NO synthase)
188
Natalizumab
targets a4 integrin, use in MS and crohns
189
Nadolol
B1 and B2 blockers
190
N. Meningitidis
LOS like LPS. Glucose and maltose fermenter (unlike gono).
191
Myotonic dystrophy abnormality
CTG repeat in DMPK gene
192
Mycoplasma membrane
cholesterol in membrane, no cell wall
193
Mycophenolate Mofetil SE's
GI, pancyto, HTN, hyperglycemia, CMV
194
Mycophenolate Mofetil
Inhibits IMP dehydrogenase to prevent purine synthesis
195
Muromonab
Binds CD3
196
MTZ mechanism
Free radicals
197
Mosquito in malaria
Anopheles
198
Monocytes with mulberry inclusions in cytoplasma
Ehrlichiosis
199
Mirtazapine
a2 selective blocker
200
Midodrine
a1 agonist
201
Metoprolol
B1 selective blocker
202
Metoclopramide
DA antagonist for chemo nausea
203
Methacholine
stimulates muscarinic receptors in the airway
204
Mercury toxicity treatment
Dimercaprol
205
Marked joint pains, retroorbital pain, DIC, lfushing
Dengue
206
Maraviroc mechanism
binds CCR-5 on T cell surface, inhibiting gp120 interaction. Allosteric blocker, need tropism testing
207
Macrolides SE's
SE macrolides, GI motility issues, long QT, jaundice, eosinophilia
208
Macrolides mechanism
50s subunit (23s) block tRNA translocation
209
Macrolides (Except Azithro) CYP450
Inhibitor
210
M protein
In group A strep, antiphagocytic and cross-reactive
211
LPS made up of
O antigen, core polysaccharid, lipid A (toxic component)
212
Local granulomatous ulcer with ascending lymphangitis
sporothrix
213
Liver bx with granular eosinophilic homogenous ground-glass
HBV
214
Linezolid mechanism
50s subunit (23s) preventing initiation complex formation
215
Lindane mechniasm
blocks GABA channels (neurotox)
216
Lesch Nyhan Treatment
allopurinol or febuxostat
217
Legionella Tx
Fluoroquinolones, new macrolides
218
Lead toxicity treatment
EDTA, dimercaprol
219
Larvae in muscles
Trichinella
220
Lamivudine class
NRTI
221
LAD pathology
Defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD18)
222
Labetolol
a and B antagonist
223
Ketoconazole SE's
T synth inhibition (gynecomastia), hyperpigmentation
224
Katayama fever
Schistosoma worm and egg causing serum sickness
225
Jimson weed treatment
physostigmine
226
Isoproterenol
B1 and B2 agonist
227
Isoniazid mechanism
mycolic acid synthesis decrease
228
Irregular fever with brain capillary occlusion malaria
falciparum
229
Ipratropium and Tiotropium
Muscarinic antagonists for COPD and asthma
230
Interferons SE's
flu like, depression, neutropenia, myopathy
231
Integrase inhibitors SE's
increased CK
232
INH CYP450
Inhibitor
233
Infliximab
soluble TNFa target
234
Indole positive
E Coli (unlike enterobacter)
235
Indinavir SE
hematuria, nephrotoxicity
236
In liver - lymphoid aggregates w/ focal macrovesicular steatosis
HCV
237
IL8
Neutrophil and phagocytosis chemokine
238
IL5
IgA switching, increases Eos (asthma, parasites)
239
IL3
stimulates growth of BM stem cells
240
IL2
stimulates all immune system cells to form
241
IL12
produced in mycobacterial infected macrophages (stimulates IFNy release)
242
IL10
Anti inflam
243
IFN-y use
CGD
244
IFN-b use
MS (also produced by connective tissue fibroblasts)
245
IFN-a use
chronic B&C, Kaposi, Hairy Cell Leukemia, Condyloma acuminatum, RCC, malig. Melanoma
246
Hyper IgM inheritance
XLR
247
Hyper IgM
Defective CD40L, cannot class switch
248
Hyoscyamine
Muscarinic antagonist, acts on GI
249
How to treat doxorubicin cardiotox
detazoxasine (chelator)
250
How to dx schistosoma
Eggs in stool
251
How is isoniazid metabolised
acetylation
252
How is falciparum resistant to chloroquine
membrane pump
253
HLA DR5
Hashi, Pernicious Anemia
254
HLA DR4
RA, T1DM, Addison
255
HLA DR3
T1DM, SLE, Graves, Hashi, Addisons
256
HLA DR2
MS, SLE, Goodpasture
257
HLA DQ2/8
Celiac
258
HLA B8
Addison, MG, Graves
259
HLA B5
Behcet
260
HLA A3
hemochromatosis
261
High fever, black vomit, jaundice, councilman bodies, myalgias
Yellow fever
262
Hepatocyte swelling with balooning councilman bodies
HAV
263
Hemorrhagic fever (ARDS), pneumonia, rodent reservoir
hantavirus (type of bunyavirus)
264
Heat stable ETEC toxin mechanism
activates guanylate cyclase (inc cGMP to dec NaCl resorption)
265
Heat labile ETEC toxin mechanism
activates adenylate cyclase (inc. cAMP to inc Cl secretion)
266
Hearing loss, seizures, blueberry muffin rash
Congenital CMV
267
Griseofulvin mechanism
interferes with microtubule formation
268
Griseofulvin CYP450
Inducer
269
Green Veggies CYP450
Inducer
270
Grapefruit/Cran CYP450
Inhibitor
271
gp41 in HIV
does fusion and entry
272
gp120 in HIV
does attachment to host CD4 cell
273
Glycopyrroate
Muscarinic antagonist for GI/resp, use preop to reduce secretions
274
Ginseng CYP450
Inducer
275
Giemsa Stain
Intracellular bugs
276
Gentamicin class
Aminoglycosides
277
Ganciclovir mechnaism
guanosine analog formed by CMV viral kinase - frms triphosphate
278
Galantamine
Anticholinesterase
279
Francicella
tularemia, from rabbis
280
FQ SE's
GI upset, long QT, tendinitis
281
Foscarnet SE
nephrotox, electrolyte abnl, seizures
282
Foscarnet mechanism
DNA/RNA/Reverse transcriptase inhibitor. NO kinase activation needed
283
Fluke with liver and spleen enlargment and IDA
Schistosoma Mansoni/Japonicum
284
Flucytosine mechanism
Inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion to 5-FU by cytosine deaminase
285
Flavivirus (5)
HCV, yellow fever, dengue, st. louis encephalitis, WNV
286
Fenoldopam
D1 agonist
287
Febuxostat
XO inhibitors
288
F (fusion protein) in what viruses
paramyxoviruses (pavalizumab is ab against F protein in RSV)
289
Exotoxin A (pseudomonas) mechanism
EIF-2 Inactivation
290
Ethambutol mechanism
blcoks carb polymerization of cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase
291
Ethambutol CYP450
Inducer
292
ETEC toxins
Heat labile and heat stable
293
Estradiol CYP450
Substrate
294
Esmolol
B1 selective blocker
295
Erythromycin class
Macrolides
296
Epinephrine
B1, B2, a1, a2
297
Env in HIV
host protease cleaved to gp120 and gp41
298
Env gene changes in HIV do what
evade humoral immune response
299
Enoxacin class
FQ's
300
Enfuvirtide mechanism
gp41, inhibits membrane fusion
301
end in -tegravir class
Integrase inhibitors
302
Encephalitis from flaccid paralysis from mosquito
WNV
303
Emcitrabine class
NRTI
304
Elephantiasis from lymph blockage
Wuchereria bancrofti
305
EHEC transmission
undercooked meat
306
Efvirenz class
NNRTI
307
Efavirenz SE's
vivide dreams, CNS, no in preg
308
Edrophonium
anticholinesterase with no CNS penetration
309
Ecythyma Gangrenosum
Pseudomonas
310
Eculizumab
C5 (complement), use in PNH
311
Echinocandins (-fungins) mechniams
inhbitis B-glucan cell wall synthesis
312
Ebola is what kind of virus
Filovirus
313
Eaton agar
Mycoplasma (needs cholesterol)
314
E coli K capsule
pneumonia, meningitis
315
Double Zone of B-hemolysis
C Perfringens
316
Donepezil
Anticholinesterase
317
Dobutamine
B1 agonist
318
Diphtheria Toxin mechanism
EIF-2 inactivation
319
Dimorphic cigar-shaped budding yeast
sporothrix
320
Didanosine SE
Pancreatitis
321
Dicyclomine
Muscarinic antagonist, use as GI antispasmodic
322
Diadnosine class
NRTI
323
Denosumab
targets RANKL (inhibits osteoclasts - mimics osteoprotegrin)
324
Delaviridine SE
cannot use in preg
325
Delavirdine class
NNRTI
326
Daptomycin mechanism
Disrupts cell membrane
327
Dapsone SE's
G6PD, methemoglobinemia, granulocytopenia
328
Dapsone mechanism
similar to sulfonamides
329
Dapsone CYP450
Inhibitor
330
Daclizumab
Block IL-2R
331
Cyclosporine SE's
Nephrotoxicity, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism
332
Cyclosporine
Calcineurine inhibitor (binds cyclophilin), prevents IL-2 transcription
333
Cyanide toxicity treatment
amyl nitrate (to make methemoglobin) and then thiosulfate
334
Cord Factor
Made from mycolic acid in TB, need for virulence (inhibits macrophage activation)
335
Coarse face, retained primary teeth, eczema, bone break, cold abscesses
Job (Hyper IgE)
336
Coagulase
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin by activating prothrombin, allowing for phago resistance
337
Clostridium perfringens toxin name
alpha toxin
338
Clonidine
a2 agonist (use in HTN urgency, ADHD)
339
Clindamycin mechanism
50s blcoks peptide translocation from A to P site
340
Clinda side effect
C Diff
341
Clarithromycin class
Macrolides
342
Ciprofloxacin CYP450
Inhibitor
343
Cimetidine CYP450
Inhibitor
344
Cidofovir mechanism
Inhibits viral DNA pol. No need for viral kinase phosphorylation
345
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcs
Congenital toxo
346
Cholera toxin
ADP ribosylation of Gs GTP binding protein to inc. CAMP and inc. Cl secretion
347
Chocolate Agar
H Flu
348
Chloroquine mechanism
blocks heme polymerase
349
Chloroquine mechanism
blocks detox of heme into hemozoin
350
Chloramphenicol mechanism
blocks 50s peptidyltransferase
351
Chlamydia subtypes
ABC blindness, D-K PID, L causes lymphogranuloma venereum
352
Chediak Higashi pathology
Defect in lysosomal trafficking gene, microtubule dysfunction
353
Chagas transmission
Redviid kissing bug
354
Cetuximab
EGFR target (CRC and H&N cancer)
355
Certolizumab
soluble TNFa target
356
CD56
Unique to NK cells
357
CD40L
found on helper T cells
358
CD40 and B7
found on B cells
359
CD34
Hematopoetic Stem Cell
360
CD28
Marker on T cells that binds B7
361
CD25, FoxP3
Found on TH17 cells
362
CD16
NK cells and PMN's, binds Fc
363
CD15
Granulocytes and RS-cells
364
CD14
Macrophages (PAMP-LPS receptor)
365
Cataracts, deafness, PDA
Congenital rubella
366
Catalase + organisms
Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Burkholderia, Staph, Serratia
367
Carvedilol
a and B antagonist
368
Carbamazepine CYP450
Inducer
369
Carbachol
Copy of Ach. Causes miosis and relieves ocular pressure
370
Campy transmission
Poultry, meat, mil. AB toxin like cholera
371
CAMP factor
made by GBS (agalactiae), enlarges hemolysis of S. Aureus
372
C Diff Toxin B
cytotoxin. Cystoskeletal actin depolymerization (pseudomembranes - fibrin/necrosis)
373
C diff Toxin A
enterotoxin. Binds brush border, activates neutrophils
374
Buffered Yeast Charcoal
Legionella
375
Brucella sxs and transmission
undulant fever, from dairy (acid fast)
376
Botulinum toxin first sign
constipation, then DESCENDING paralysis
377
Botox
zinc protease cleaves SNARE (dec NT release of Ach)
378
Bortezomib
Proteasome inhibitor for myeloma, Waldenstrom
379
Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, flask-shaped ulcer
Entamoeba Histolitica
380
Bethanechol
Direct cholinomimetic, activates bowel and bladder
381
Betaxolol
B1 selective blocker
382
Benztropine
Muscarinic antagonist
383
Bendazoles mechanism
microtubule inhibitors
384
Basiliximab
Block IL-2R
385
Bacteria from animal urine
leptospira
386
B Lactam mechanism
Bind PCP's so that they cannot X-link peptidoglycan in cell wall (D-ala-D-ala analog)
387
Aztreonam mechanism
binds to PBP3, with no x-reactivity for PCN's
388
Azoles mechanims
inhibit 14-a-demthylase to inhbit lanosterol conversion to ergosterol
389
Azoles CYP450
Inhibitor
390
Azithromycin class
Macrolides
391
Azathioprine
6-MP precursor
392
Atropine
M3 antagnost, use to tx brady
393
Atovaquone mechanims
inhibits mitochondrial e transport
394
Atenolol
B1 selective blocker
395
Arsenic toxicity treatment
dimercaptrol, DMSA, succimer
396
Arenavirus (2)
LCMB (hamsters), Lassa fever (rodents)
397
ApoE
mediates all remannt uptake (other than LDL)
398
Apo C-II
LPL cofactor for CHY and VLDL
399
Apo B-48
made by enterocytes for chylomicrons
400
Apo B-100
made by hepatocytes. Binds LDL receptor (VLDL, IDL, LDL)
401
Apo A-I
activates LCAT to esterify free chol to HDL and CHY
402
Antihistone
Drug Lupus
403
Antibiotic that causes cholestasis
erythromycin
404
Anti-Smith
SLE
405
Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarb
T1DM
406
Anti-CCP
RA
407
Anti smooth muscle
AI hepatitis
408
Anti Jo/SRP/Mi
Myositis
409
Anti APLA2R
Membranous GN
410
Anthrax toxin
edema toxin - mimics guanylate cyclase - makes edematous eschar
411
Anthrax lethal factor
Zinc protease that inhibits MAPK signaling
412
Ampho B side effects
fevers, chills, nephrotox, QT, anemia, IV phlebitis
413
Ampho B mechanism
binds ergosterol to form membrane pores
414
Amiodarone CYP450
Inhibitor
415
Aminoglycosides SE's
Neprotoxic, NM blockade (myasthenic), Ototox, Teratogen
416
Aminoglycosides mechanisms
Bind 30s to inhibit initiation complex and cause mRNA misreading
417
Aminoglycoside resistance mechanism
acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation inactivation
418
Amikacin class
Aminoglycosides
419
Amantadine mechanism
inhibit viral uncoating
420
Alpha toxin (clostridium) mechanism
phospholipase (lecithinase) degrades tissue and membranes
421
Alemtuzumab
CD52, targets CLL
422
Aldesleukin
Recombinant IL2 for RCC and melanoma
423
Albinism, pyogenic infections, peripheral neuropathy, giant granules
Chediak Higashi
424
Agar for diphtheria
tellurite, loffler
425
Adalimumab
soluble TNFa target
426
Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir mechanism
Fuanosine analogs that are phosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase. Inhibit viral DNA pol
427
Actinomyces
Sulfur granules, Tx PCN
428
Actinimycin A
blocks complex 3 (CoQ, cytoC) of electron transport
429
Acetaminophen CYP450
Inhibitor
430
Acebutolol
B1 selective blocker
431
Abciximab
targets plt glycoproteins Iib/IIIa, antiplatelet
432
Abacavir hypersensitivity
with HLA-B 5701
433
Abacavir class
NRTI
434
a-methyldopa
a2 agonist, use in HTN in preg
435
72 hour fever malaria
malariae
436
48 hour cycle fever malaria
vivax, ovale
437
30 days of fever, anorexia, dark urine, acholic stools
HAV
438
2,4 dinitrophenol
uncoupling agent (wt loss)
