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OS 204 Finals > OS 204 1.3 Ear - Sheet1 > Flashcards

OS 204 1.3 Ear - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

Without this, one has mickey mouse ear

A

Antihelix (crura, triangular fossa)

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2
Q

Keeps auditory canal from collapsing

A

Antitragus

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3
Q

Auricle / pinna innervation

A

5 6 9 10 cervical plexus

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4
Q

Auricle arterial blood supply (2)

A

Posterior auricular, superficial temporal arteries

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5
Q

Auricle nerves (2)

A

Great auricular nerve - cranial (medial)/back, posterolateral/front; Auriculotemporal (V3) - anterior

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6
Q

Auricle lymphatic drainage (3)

A

Superficial parotid LN - lateral surface of superior; Mastoid LN - cranial surface of superior; Superficial cervical LN - rest

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7
Q

How long is the EAM?

A

2-3 cm

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8
Q

To see EAM

A

Pull pinna upwards, backwards, outwards

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9
Q

2 parts of the EAM - relative length, content (glands, hair)

A

Cartilaginous - lateral 1/3; with ceruminous & sebaceous glands, hair; Bony - medial 2/3, no hair, slight pain

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10
Q

Cerumen falling off the side theory

A

Epithelial migration theory

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11
Q

Cone of light should be seen on what part of the tympanic membrane

A

Antero-inferior

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12
Q

Tympanic membrane connected to bony canal via

A

Annular ligament

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13
Q

Tympanic membrane central depression

A

Umbo

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14
Q

Forms lateral wall of the superior recess of the tympanic cavity, lacks radial and circular fibers

A

Pars flaccida

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15
Q

Easily vibrated component of the tympanic membrane

A

Pars tensa

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16
Q

Tympanic membrane innervation (3)

A

Auriculotemporal (V3) - external; Auricular branch of vagus - some external; Glossopharyngeal - internal

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17
Q

Tympanic cavity is connected antero-medially with the nasopharynx via the

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

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18
Q

Tympanic cavity is connected posteriorly with the mastoid cells via the

A

Mastoid antrum

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19
Q

Roof of TC separates TC from

A

Tegmental wall (tegmen tympani bone), dura

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20
Q

Floor of TC separates TC from

A

Jugular wall, IJV

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21
Q

Lateral wall of TC, superiorly formed by bony wall of?

A

Membranous wall, epitympanic recess

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22
Q

Medial wall of TC, feature

A

Labyrinthin wall, promontory

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23
Q

Posterior wall of TC, features (2)

A

Mastoid wall, aditus to the mastoid antrum (gas ex, cushion for more mobile TM), canal for the facial nerve

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24
Q

Anterior wall of TC, separates TC from? features (2)

A

Carotid wall, from carotid canal, opening of the pharyngotympanic, canal for tensor tympani

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25
Q

Equalizes pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure, allowing free movt of tympanic membrane. Orientation in children and adults?

A

Pharyngotympanic/auditory/Eustachian tube; children - short and horizontal (infection), adult - oblique (better draining)

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26
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube innervation

A

Levator veli palatini X, tensor veli palatini V3

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27
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube blood supply

A

Ascending pharyngeal (ECA), middle meningeal (maxillary), artery of the pterygoid canal (maxillary), pterygoid venous plexus

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28
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube lymphatic drainage

A

Deep cervical LN

29
Q

1st bone to fully ossify during developemnt, lacks what

A

Auditory ossicles, no osteogenic periosteum

30
Q

Malleus - head articulates with? what part lies against pars flaccida? what part embedded in TM?

A

incus body, neck, handle

31
Q

Tensor tympani insertion

A

Handle

32
Q

Incus articulates with stapes via

A

Lenticular process

33
Q

How can the base/footplate of the stapes increase vibratory force

A

Smaller than TM, so increased 10x

34
Q

Muscle and innervation - Prevents damage to internal ear when loud sounds by pulling malleus handle medially and tensing TM

A

Tensor tympani (V3)

35
Q

Muscle and innervation - Prevents excessive movement of stapes, tighten annular ligament

A

Stapedius (7)

36
Q

Bone denser than the remainder of petrous temporal bone often mistaken as the bony labyrinth

A

Otic capsule

37
Q

Inner ear fluids in bony labyrinth vs membranous labyrinth

A

Bony - perilymph, high Na low K; membranous - endolymph - low Na high K like intracellular fluid

38
Q

3 chambers of cochlea

A

Scala vestibuli (oval), tympani (round), media

39
Q

Spiral thickening of the periosteal lining of the cochlear canal that secure the cochlear duct to the spiral canal of the cochlea

A

Spiral ligament

40
Q

Semilunar communication at apex of cochlea

A

Helicotrema

41
Q

Separates scala vestibula and media

A

Reissner’s membrane

42
Q

Separates scala tympani and media, this is also the location of what structure

A

Basilar membrane, spiral organ of Corti

43
Q

Narrower portion is more sensitive to what sounds, wider portion for?

A

Narrow - high pitch, wider - low pitch

44
Q

Cone-shaped bony core around which the spinal canal turns (how many)

A

Modiulus, 2.5-2.75

45
Q

Communication between basal turn of cochlea to the subarachnoid space

A

Cochlear aqueduct

46
Q

Hair cells of spiral organ

A

1 row inner hair cells (without MT), 3 rows outer hair cells (amplification)

47
Q

Hair cells are in contact with what?

A

Tectorial membrane; depolarizes when hair moves

48
Q

Accessory hair cells for nutrition and regeneration

A

Hensen’s cells and Deeter’s cells

49
Q

Blood supply and nutrients along spiral ligament

A

Stria vascularis

50
Q

In the roof of the cochlear duct, transmits endolymphatic duct into 2 small bv

A

Vestibular aqueduct

51
Q

Uniting duct between saccule and cochlear ducts

A

Ductus reuniens

52
Q

Maculae for sensing horizontal and vertical movement

A

utriculi - horizontal; sacculi - vertical

53
Q

Innervate hair cells in maculae

A

Vestibulocochlear 8

54
Q

Ear develops what AOG? What germ layer?

A

4th wk; all! ecto - skin; meso - vessels; endo - linings

55
Q

Internal ear AOG

A

3rd-6th wk

56
Q

Auditory pit; first rudiment of the ear

A

Otic pit

57
Q

Fluid in scala vestibuli, tympani, media

A

vestibuli and tympani - perilymph, media - endolymph

58
Q

Dorsal utricular portion becomes blank and ventral saccular portion becomes blank

A

dorsal utricular -> semicircular canals; ventral saccular -> cochlea

59
Q

Hillocks of His (pinna)

A

1st - tragus; 2nd,3rd - helix, 4th,5th - antihelix, 6th - antitragus

60
Q

Short waves/ high pitch waves causes displacement of basilar membrane near blank; long waves/low pitch?

A

short wave/high pitch - near oval window; long wave/low pitch - near apex of cochlea (*hearing loss begins at loss of high pitch sounds)

61
Q

Neural pathway (ECOLIMA)

A

CN8 -> cochlear nucleus -> superior olivary complex (ipsilateral) -> lateral lemniscus -> inferior colliculus -> medial geniculate -> auditory complex (one side brain damage, both ears can still hear)

62
Q

sensory organ of rotation, with gelatinous mass

A

crista ampullaris, with cupula

63
Q

Reflex to stabilize image on retina during head movement, tested by

A

vestibulo-ocular reflex / doll’s eye movement; caloric reflex test

64
Q

Increase in intensity (ratio), 2 mechanisms

A

22:1; area effect (foot plate), lever mechanism (malleus handle longer than incus process)

65
Q

Inflammation of external acoustic meatus

A

otitis media; swimmers

66
Q

Injuries of peripheral auditory system causes 3 major symptoms

A

Hearing loss (usu. conductive), vertigo, tinnitus

67
Q

Interfered movement of oval/round windows; own voice sounds louder; solution?; the other kind of hearing loss and solution? hehe

A

Conductive hearing loss; surgical or hearing aid device;; sensorineural - cochlear implants :)

68
Q

blockage of cochlear aqueduct

A

Meniere’s syndrome

OS 204 Finals (4 decks)

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