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[OS 202] Lecture Exam C > OS 202 C Samplex 2015, 2016, 2017 > Flashcards

OS 202 C Samplex 2015, 2016, 2017 Flashcards

1
Q

Important regulator of circadian hormonal rhythms

A. PVN
B. SON
C. Superior fornix
D. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
E. Arcuate nucleus
A

D

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2
Q

Which ligand results in osteoclastogenesis?

A. PTH
B. RANKL
C. MCSF
D. AOTA

A

D

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3
Q

The growth hormone receptor

A. activates Gs
B. Requires dimerization
C. Must be internalized to exert its effects
D. Resembles IGF-1 receptor
E. Resembles ACTH receptor
A

D

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4
Q

Magnocellular hypothalamic neurons secrete

A. ADH
B. CRH
C. GHRH
D. GnRH
E. AOTA
A

A

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5
Q

The components of an endocrine axis include the hypothalamus – pituitary gland – __________

A. Peripheral muscles
B. Peripheral circulation
C. Peripheral endocrine gland
D. NOTA

A

C

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6
Q

Prolactin secretion is inhibited by

A. Epinephrine
B. Dopamine
C. Norepinephrine
D. AOTA

A

B

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7
Q

ACTH has rapid, intermediate and long term effects on the function of zona fasciculata. Which is a target for rapid effects?

A. Adrenal hypertrophy
B. Cortisol secretion
C. StAR activation
D. CYP21A2 expression
E. LDL receptor expression
A

C

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8
Q

A patient is under immunosuppressive dose of glucocorticoids. At the end of his therapy, the dose of the hormone must be slowly tapered over a period of weeks. This is due to

A. Adrenal atrophy
B. Pituitary hypertrophy
C. Upregulation of glucocorticoid receptors
D. Elevated ACTH levels
E. Increased level of CRH
A

A

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9
Q

The hormone with the shortest half-life

A. Corticosterone
B. Aldosterone
C. DHEA
D. Norepinephrine

A

D

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10
Q

During stress, cortisol

A. increases blood glucose by gluconeogenesis in liver
B. promotes breakdown of muscle proteins
C. facilitates glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue
D. AOTA

A

A

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11
Q

Primary target of insulin

A. Glucokinase
B. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
C. Uncoupling proteins
D. Fatty acid synthase
E. GLUT-4
A

E

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12
Q

Incretin hormones include all of the following except

A Glp-1
B. Glp-2
C. GIP
D. NOTA

A

B

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13
Q

Oxyphil cells are

A. Bigger than principal cells
B. Have abundant mitochondria
C. Stain acidophilic
D. AOTA

A

D

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14
Q

True of parathyroid gland

A. Arise from 3rd pharyngeal pouch
B. Arise from 4th pharyngeal pouch
C. Lies in the capsule of thyroid gland
D. AOTA

A

D

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15
Q

The following cells are found in the pineal gland

A. Pinealocytes
B. Interstitial cells
C. Mast cells
D. AOTA

A

D

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16
Q

A patient with sepsis usually has lactic acidosis. What is the result on plasma calcium?

[Ionized Ca, Bound Ca, Total Ca]

A. Increased, Decreased, Same
B. Increased, Increased, Increased
C. Decreased, Increased, Same
D. Decreased, Decreased, Increased

A

A

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17
Q

Which are true of steroid hormones?

a. catalyzed by enzymes in a step by step synthesis
b. after synthesis, can diffuse through cytoplasm
c. transported bound to proteins
d. AOTA
e. only b and c

A

D

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18
Q

The processes involved in stimulus secretion coupling are

a. increase intercellular calcium
b. secretory granules bind to nuclear membrane
c. microtubules are activated
d. AOTA

A

D

19
Q

Which of the ff produce hormones but are not truly endocrine organs?

a. brain
b. kidney
c. adipose tissue
d. any of the above

A

D

20
Q

An important process that converts a prehormone to a hormone

a. hepatic conjugation
b. peripheral conversion
c. hormone-receptor binding
d. AOTA
e. NOTA

A

E

21
Q

Matching Type: Prolactin - __________

a. JAK stat
b. tyrosine kinase
c. CAMP
d. IP3 DAG

A

A

22
Q

Matching type: insulin - _________

a. JAK stat
b. tyrosine kinase
c. CAMP
d. IP3 DAG

A

B

23
Q

The main inhibitory substance for prolactin is

a. adrenaline
b. dopamine
c. histamine
d. estrogen

A

B

24
Q

Which of the ff are direct effects of GH?

a. increased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose
b. increased lypolysis
c. increased protein synthesis
d. AOTA
e. b and c

A

E

25
Q

Hormones which increase following blood loss

a. AVP or ADH
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. AOTA

A

D

26
Q

Which of the ff will promote aldosterone synthesis?

a. angiotensin II
b. hyperkalemia
c. ANP
d. AOTA
e. a and b only

A

E

27
Q

Which of the ff hormones is/are produced to a significant degree by peripheral conversion?

a. T3
b. angiotensin II
c. 2,25 Vitamin D
d. AOTA

A

A

28
Q

Choose the incorrect pair

a. epinephrine- gluconeogenesis
b. cortisol- natriuresis
c. insulin- glycogenesis
d. NOTA (all are correct)

A

B

29
Q

The ff events occur upon the entry of glucose into the cell facilitated by GLUT 2

a. movement of glucose-6-phosphate to increase ATP
b. opening of ATP sensitive K channels
c. opening of calcium channels
d. microtubular movement of vesicles

A

B

30
Q

Conditions that increase NIS gene expression include:

a. iodine deficiency
b. hypothyroidism
c. TSH secreting tumor
d. AOTA

A

D

31
Q

Effects of thyroid hormone on CVS include the ff EXCEPT:

a. increased peripheral vascular resistance
b. dilation of resistance arterioles
c. decreased cardiac contraction
d. AOTA

A

A

32
Q

Which of the ff decrease TSH secretion?

a. iodine deficiency
b. high T3 and T4
c. leptin
d. aota

A

B

33
Q

In a patient who underwent thyroidectomy, you would expect:

a. low levels of TSH, high free T3, low free T4
b. high levels of TSH, low free T3, low free T4
c. high levels of TSH, high free T3, high free T4
d. low levels of TSH, low free T3, low free T4

A

B

34
Q

What is estradiol’s effect on calcium?

a. osteoblast presentation
b. osteoclast apoptosis
c. increase in intestinal calcium absorption
d. AOTA

A

D

35
Q

This pair of parathyroid glands come from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch

a. superior
b. middle
c. inferior
d. NOTA
e. AOTA

A

C

36
Q

Enzyme critical to glucocorticoid activity

a. 11- alpha hydroxylase
b. proelastase
c. arginine vasopresin
d. NOTA

A

A

37
Q

What is the most important stimulus for insulin release?

a. glucose
b. glucagon
c. adrenergic stimulation
d. cholinergic stimulation

A

A

38
Q

TSH is structurally similar to

a. LH
b. FSH
c. hCG
d. AOTA

A

D

39
Q

The following are effects of oxytocin except:

A. Stimulus of maternal behavior
B. Contraction of myoepithelium of the breast
C. Inhibition of prolactin release
D. Contraction of myometrium of uterus

A

C

40
Q

From corticosterone:

A. cortisol
B. aldosterone
C. both
D. neither

A

C

41
Q

Which of the following cells produce insulin?

A. alpha cells
B. beta cells
C. D cells
D. F cells

A

B

42
Q

Which of the glucose transporters is present in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and adipose tissue and facilitates insulin-mediated glucose uptake?

A. GLUT 1
B. GLUT 2
C. GLUT 3
D. GLUT 4

A

D

43
Q

The parathyroid hormone primarily mediates the following physiological effect:

A. Increased bone resorption
B. Increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium
C. Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
D. Acid-base balance

A

A

44
Q

Which of the following are thyroid hormone transport proteins?

A. Thyretin
B. Thyroxine binding globulin
C. Albumin
D. All of the above

A

D

[OS 202] Lecture Exam C (3 decks)

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