Orthotics Flashcards
What is the key principle behind orthotic prescription, especially spinal orthotics?
3 point pressure system
Extrinsic and intrinsic spinal support systems
ex– muscles
in – ligaments and discs
who is a headmaster collar used for
pt with neuromuscular dysfunction
who uses a SOMI most often
(sternal occipital mandibular immobilizer)
bed bound patients
what spinal orthotic has the most immobilization control?
Halo
3 types of LSO
corset/flexible, chairback, and knight
What 2 postures can a Knight-Taylor TLOS correct?
Lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis
What are the 3 indication for a jewett hyperextension brace
Compression fracture, kyphosis, arthritis
What is a CASH brace and who is it used for?
Cruciform Anterior Spinal Hyperextension
Used for geriatric patients – less restrictive and helps reduce kyphotic posture
what is a CTLSO?
a TLSO with a cervical extension
4 incidations for orthotic for scoliosis
skeletal immaturity, curves between 20-40 degrees, progression, C or S shaped curve
accommodative TLSO addresses what?
a fixed deformity
what is a progressive TLSO used for? and what is the most common type used
progressive correction of idiopathic spinal curvatures
Boston brace, worn full time
when is a milwaukee brace indicated?
when the curve extends into the cervical spine
how often is a charleston bending brace worn?
8 hours/day (only at night)
3 indications for UE orthotic
trauma, congenital deformity, disease
4 main design types for UE orthotic?
static, serial static, static progressive, dynamic
what mechanism is most bone to contracture/shortening?
extensor tendon mechanism
what is the intrinsic plus position?
MCP flx, PIP/DIP extension,
functional hand position
wrist ext 20-30 deg, thumb palmar abduction, MCP 15-20 flx, slight IP flx
what is a PRAFO and what are its indication?
Pressure relieving ankle foot orthotic – for contracture prevention and pressure relief
what are the three types of orthotics (in how they are formed and fit)
pre-fabricated – off the shelf
custom fit– off the shelf w/ modifications
custom fabricated – individualized molded fit for maximum function
what does a ground reaction AFO facilitate
Knee extension
who would use a metal upright AFO?
pt with lacking skin integrity or fluctuating edema
Spring and Pin placement in dual action training AFO causes what?
Pin in posterioer = PF stop
Pin in anterior = DF stop
Spring in posterior = DF assist
weak dorsiflexors results in what gait compensation pattern
steppage gait (due to foot drop) Use a DF assist (post leaf spring)
weak plantar flexors result in what gait? what orthotic considerations should be taken?
lurching gait w/ inability to push off
Use a more rigid foot plate, a longer foot plate, or a DF stop (results in HE of knee and forces use of hip flexors)
Weak quads results in what? What orthotic?
HE/locking of the knee and forward flexion of the trunk
Solid ankle AFO (forces knee flexion), KAFO w/ posterior offset knee
