Orthotics

Question 1

Plagiocephaly

Answer 1

most common
unilateral occipital flattening accompanied w/ torticollis
anterior ear displacement

Question 2

Brachycephaly

Answer 2

symmetric but disproportionately wide

Question 3

scaphocephaly

Answer 3

symmetric but disproportionately long

Question 4

Use of cranial helmets

Answer 4

ideal treatment age 4 months-7 months (not before 3 months or after 18 months)
promote cranial symmetry by directing cranial growth
Total contact on areas to be restricted, space in deficit areas

Question 5

soft cervical collar

Answer 5

kinesthetic reminder

Question 6

Orthotic principle of scoliosis braces

Answer 6

3 pt pressure system

Question 7

Charleston bending orthosis

Answer 7

3 pt pressure system worn at night

Question 8

What degree of scoliosis are orthotics used?

Answer 8

30-45 deg

Question 9

risser sign

Answer 9

0-4 scale tellling skeletal maturity

Question 10

Increased/decreased trim lines

Answer 10

increased - rigidity, control, decreased ROM

decreased - decrased rigidity, less control, more ROM

Question 11

To control a joint, an orthotic must

Answer 11

cross it

Question 12

When are custom-fit orthotics good?

Answer 12

when change in status is anticipated

they are not molded to person but they can be adjusted as necessary

Question 13

UCBL

Answer 13

controls flexible calcaneal deformities & transverse plane deformities of midtarsal joint & coronal plane deformities at subtalar joints
can add external posts

Question 14

Solid ankle AFO

Answer 14

max stabilization of ankle all 3 planes
helps prevent drop foot
can be used to influence the knee (DF prevents hyperextension, PF prevents flexion)

ex. severe hypertonicity (post stroke) or equinovarus deformity

Question 15

Anterior floor reaction

Answer 15

ground reaction force used as primary source of sagittal plane knee stability (keeps it in extension so doesn’t buckle)

long & stiff toe lever can help bring knee into extension

GOOD for pts w/ weak quads/crouched gait (influences knee but allows food to stay neutral)

NOT GOOD for pts with knee instability or genu recurvatum

Question 16

Posterior leaf spring

Answer 16

low trim lines –> ankle flexibility
allows DF but not PF (subs eccentric pre-tib muscles)

GOOD for those with
NOT GOOD for ankle instability med/lat or for those w/ flexible foot deformities

Question 17

DF assist

Answer 17

spring is compressed at initial contact and resists PF to control lowering foot
recoil assists with DF at preswing/initial swing
subs for eccentric pre-tib muscles

Question 18

KAFOs

Answer 18

excessive movement of knee in stance that can’t be fixed with AFO

Question 19

When would you want a non-locking vs. a locking knee?

Answer 19

non-locking: reduce knee hyperextension or mild/moderate varus/valgus

locking: hyperflexion or severe valgus/varus

Question 20

Semi-rigid cervical collar

Answer 20

3 pt pressure system + kinesthetic reminder

Question 21

Minerva CTLSO

Answer 21

For stable fracture

Question 22

Halo

Answer 22

Rigid for all of C-spine upper T-spine

for unstable fracture

Question 23

SMO

Answer 23

ankle instability

ex. Down’s syndrome/CP

Question 24

Level of SCI that requires bilateral KAFOs

Answer 24

L2, L3, L4

Question 25

Crow boot

Answer 25

AFO for charcot joint

Question 26

SOMI orthosis

Answer 26

for pts with instability above C4 to control flexion

immobilization/3 pt pressure system

Question 27

Jewett hyperextension orthosis

Answer 27

prevents flexion/anterior compression for pts w/ compression fx