Modalities Flashcards
Positioning for Cervical traction below level of C2
20-30 deg. flexion
Positioning for Lumbar traction:
fowler position (90-90) hypomobility/stenosis prone - disc conditions
Amount of pull necessary for beneficial effects of cervical traction:
10-25 lbs
Amount of pull necessary for lumbar traction efficacy:
25-50% person’s body weight
Function for bandages/pneumatic pumps vs. compression garments
bandages/pumps: reduce edema
Compression garments: maintain edema reduction
Contraindications for compression
cardiac/renal failure
DVT/acute infection
ABI < or = 0.8
arterial wounds
Parameters for compression pump
40-60 mmHg intensity
~ 2 hours
venous (1-2x/day)
lymphatic (5-7x/wk)
Effective radiating area for ultrasound
size of crystal to faceplate
should not be > 2-3x ERA
Depth for 1 MHz vs. 3 MHz ultrasound
1 MHz - 5 cm
3 MHz - 2.5 cm
Why does periosteal pain occur with ultrasound?
heat is greatest at tissue interfaces due to reflection (periosteum)
Phonophoresis, whys it used?
method of enhancing transdermal diffusion of whole medicinal molecules
Indications: subcutaneous inflammation & painful conditions using anesthetics or nonsteroidal/steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Contraindications for cryotherapy
arterial insufficiency open wound sedation/AMS regenerating peripheral nerve angina pectoris/cardiac dysfunction
Contraindications for thermotherapy
malignancy active bleeding acute inflammation PVD DVT AMS/sensory loss
Contraindications for hydrotherapy
due to H2O immersion: seizures incontinence immunosuppression uninfected wounds profuse bleeding
Contraindications to ultrasound
sensory loss impaired arterial circulation hemorrhage over eyes/uterus/malignancy over spinal cord after laminectomy infection pacemaker/carotid sinus DVT
Contraindications to traction
pregnancy if neuro symptoms worsen uncontrolled HTN/AAA recent fx spinal cord pressure spinal infections cancer osteoporosis
Contraindications to TENS
pacemaker/arrythmia
pregnancy
over carotid sinus/eyes
unknown etiology
Contraindications to Iontophoresis
malignancy disoriented anesthetic skin scars in area superficial metal implants pacemaker
Examples of AC/DC/PC
AC- IFC/russian
DC - iontophoresis
PC - TENS/NMES (biphasic)
Phase duration for different fibers
50-80 microseconds –> alpha-B (sensory)
200-300 microseconds –> motor (PC)
A gamma (sharp pain) > 300
—> C (dull pain) –> denervated muscle 2 ms
