Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eyes > Orthoptics > Flashcards

Orthoptics Flashcards

1
Q

What is orthoptics?

A

“straight eyes”orthoptists are involved in the investigation, diagnosis and management if binocular vision and ocular motility disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is binocular vision?

A

the brains ability to perceive an image with each eye simultaneously as a single image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of strabismus/squint?

A

Manifest Latent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a manifest squint?

A

an inward/outward/upward/downward deviation of one eye, so that the visual axes are not aligned detected using cover-uncover-cover test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a latent squint?

A

a tendency for the eyes to deviate inwards/outwards/upwards/downwards under normal circumstances the visual axes are aligned the tendency for the eyes to deviate is detected using alternate cover test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two things/consequences of a manifest squint?

A

DIPLOPIA SUPPRESSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is diplopia?

A
  • double vision - each eye perceives the image of what it is looking at - common when onset of manifest squint is after visual development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is suppression?

A
  • no double vision - patient ignores/supresses the image from the squinting eye - common when squint onset is during visual development (<7 yrs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

a reduction of vision in one eyedue to lack of stimulation during the critical period of visual development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is amblyopia managed?

A

can be reversed is treated within the critical period (<7 years) treatment = occlusion of the ‘good eye’e.g. with a patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can squints be managed?(nice to know)

A

Refractive Error - convex lenses (long sighted) help convergent deviations - concave lenses (short-sighted) help divergent deviationsSurgery - realigning the eyes can be functional or cosmetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is vision recorded?Snellen vs LogMAR

A

Snellen is recorded as a fraction LogMAR vision is recorded as a decimal normal vision - 6/6 (0.0) defective vision - 6/60 (1.0) above average vision - 6/5 (-0.10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of squint?

A

concomitant strabismus - remains the same in all positions of gazeincomitant strabismus - strabismus which changes in different positions of gaze- due to extraocular mm imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the 3rd nerve innervate?

A

medial rectus inferior rectusinferior oblique superior rectus levator papebral superiorispupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the 4th nerve innervate?

A

superior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the 6th nerve innervate?

A

lateral rectus

17
Q

How does a 3rd nerve palsy present?

A

extropia and hypotropia of the affected eye (eye = down and out)ptosis dilated pupil

18
Q

How does a 4th nerve palsy present?

A

hypertropia and excylotorsion of the eye (up and out)patient may tilt their head

19
Q

How does a 6th nerve palsy present?

A

esotrophia (eye deviated inwards) esotrophia bigger in distance than in the near

20
Q

What is the difference in the effects of nerve palsies in children and adults?

A

in children suppression is likely - risk of developing amblyopia in adults diplopia is likely

21
Q

What are the two different severities of nerve palsy?

A

partial - nerve is partially affected/nerve palsy is subtle. patient may not have diplopia in all positions of gaze complete - diplopia in all positions of gaze

22
Q

What are the causes of nerve palsies?

A

trauma - head injury SOL - tumour SOL - vascular Microvascular - pts with HTN/DMInflammatory - post viralInfection - inner earDymyelination

23
Q

What is important to remember about the actions of the extraocular muscles?

A

They DO NOT WORK in ISOLATION, they have secondary and tertiary actions

24
Q

Could look at eye muscle anatomy and muscle insertions etc

A

mentioned in LO

25
Q

How is diplopia managed?

A

Prisms - join up the two images Occlusion - cover up one eye to block the diplopic image Surgery - aim to realign eyes in primary position and reduce/eliminate diplopia

Eyes (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions