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Orthopedics: musculoskeletal system > Orthopedic vocabulary > Flashcards

Orthopedic vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

joint

A

formed where two or more bones meet; also called an articulation; synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body; their high level of range of motion gives the skeleton its flexibility

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2
Q

bone graft

A

surgical procedure that uses a piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together

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3
Q

bone scan

A

nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer

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4
Q

bunion

A

inflammation and enlargement of bursa of first metatarsophalangeal joint base (base of bit toe)

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5
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome
carp/o (wrist)
-al (pertaining to)

A

repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pastt through carpal tunnel of wrist

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6
Q

closed fracture

A

broken bone with no open skin wound (also called simple fracture)

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7
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments

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8
Q

compound fracture

A

broken bone with open skin wound (also called open fracture)

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9
Q

compression fracture

A

bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, but in older persons, especially women, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis

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10
Q

contracture

A

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle

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11
Q

creatine kinase (CK)

A

muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

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12
Q

deep tendon reflex (DTR)

A

involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly

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13
Q

dislocation

A

occurs when bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other

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14
Q

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

-metry (process of measuring)

A

test using low-dose x-ray beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis

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15
Q

fibromyalgia
fibr/o (fibrous)
my/o (muscles)
-algia (pain)

A

chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

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16
Q

fixation

A

procedure to stabilize fractured bone while it heals; external fixation includes casts, splints, and pins inserted through skin; internal fixation includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are put into place during a surgical procedure call open reduction

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17
Q

fracture (FX, fx)

A

broken bone

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18
Q

ganglion cyst

A

formation of a cyst in the sheath covering a tendon; frequently seen on hand, wrist, or ankle

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19
Q

gout

A

type of arthritis consisting of pain and swelling at joint between big toe and forefoot; caused by the body depositing crystals of uric acid (a metabolic waste product) in soft tissues; more common in men

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20
Q

greenstick fracture

A

fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and other side only bends; com)monly seen in children because their bones are still pliable

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21
Q

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

A

protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

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22
Q

impacted fracture

A

fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another

23
Q

impacted fracture

A

fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another

24
Q

kyphosis
kyph/o (hump)
-osis (abnormal condition)

A

abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of thoracic spine (also called hunchback or humpback)

25
Q

lordosis
lord/o (bent backward)
-osis (abnormal condition)

A

abnormal increase in normal forward curvature of lumbar spine (also called swayback)

26
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce an image; especially useful for viewing soft tissues, such as spinal cord and intervertebral disks

27
Q

muscle atrophy
a- (without)
-trophy (development)

A

loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use (commonly called muscle wasting)

28
Q 
muscular dystrophy ((MD)
muscul/o (muscle)
-ar (pertaining to)
dys- (abnormal)
-trophy (development)
A

one of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

29
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis

30
Q

oblique fracture

A

bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone

31
Q

orthosis

orth/o (straight)

A

externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities; orthotist is person skilled in making and adjusting orthoses

32
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)
oste/o (bone)
arthr/o (joint)
-itis (inflammation)

A

arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; most common in weight-bearing joints; results in bone rubbing against bone

33
Q

osteoporosis
oste/o (bone)
-porosis (porous)

A

condition that develops due to a decrease in bone mass; results in a thinning and weakening of the bone; may lead to pathologic fracture; most commonly seen in older women

34
Q

osteogenic sarcoma
oste/o (bone)
-genic (producing0
-oma (tumor)

A

most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bones; most frequently occurs in persons 10-25 years of age

35
Q

pathologic fracture

path/o (disease)

A

broken bone caused by diseased or weakened bone, not trauma

36
Q 
percutaneous diskectomy
per- (through)
cutane/o (skin)
-ous (pertaining to)
-ectomy (surgical removal)
A

thin catheter tube is inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize disk

37
Q

prosthesis

A

any artificial device used to substitute for body part that is either missing from birth or lost as the result of an accident of disease (e.g., artificial leg); prosthetist is person trained in making prostheses

38
Q

radiography

-graphy (process of recording)

A

diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to see internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

39
Q

reduction

A

correcting fracture or dislocation by realigning bone; closed reduction moves bones externally; open reduction manipulates bones through a surgical incision; open reduction usually performed before internal fixation of bone fragments

40
Q

repetitive motion disorder

A

group of chronic disorders with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements

41
Q 
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
arthr/o (joint)
-itis (inflammation0
A

arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease

42
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

rotator cuff is the elastic capsule around the shoulder joint; reinforced by tendons of several shoulder muscles; because shoulder is so loose and flexible, it is at high risk for rotator cuff tearing; may be caused by overuse or trauma

43
Q

scoliosis
scoli/o (crooked)
-osis (abnormal condition)

A

abnormal lateral curvature of spine

44
Q

spasm

A

sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

45
Q

spina bifida

A

birth defect that occurs when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord; ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged, some degree of paralysis results

46
Q

spiral fracture

A

bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone; caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal than other types of fractures

47
Q

sprain

A

ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation of bone fracture

48
Q

strain

A

damage to the muscle or tendons from overuse or overstretching

49
Q

stress fracture

A

a slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than single forceful impact

50
Q

torticollis

A

neck spasms severe enough to pull head to one side; commonly call wryneck or crick in the neck

51
Q

total hip arthroplasty (THA)
arthr/o (joint)
-plasty (surgicial repair)

A

surgical reconstruction of hip with artificial hip joint; also called total hip replacement (THR)

52
Q

total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
arthr/o (joint)
-plasty (surgicial repair)

A

surgical reconstruction of knoe joint with artificial know joint; also called total knee replacement (TKR)

53
Q

transverse fracture

A

bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone

Orthopedics: musculoskeletal system (3 decks)

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