Orthopedic Terms Flashcards
Bone transplanted from one animals to another of the same species.
Allograft
Procedures performed to enhance surgical exposure of a joint.
Apophyseal osteotomies
Bone transplanted from one site to another in the same animal.
Autograft
Occurs when the insertion point of a tendon or ligament is fractured and distracted from the rest of the bone.
Avulsion fracture
Span a comminuted fracture.
Bridging plates
Used to denote the use of orthopedic wire placed around the circumference of the bone and compressing an oblique fracture.
Cerclage wire
Fracture repair performed without a surgical exposure.
Closed reduction
Plates that act to compress the fracture.
Compression plates
Elective procedures in which the diaphysis or metaphysis of the bone is cut, realigned and stabilized until union occurs.
Corrective osteotomies
The abnormal movement elicited during a physical examination that is caused by the tibia sliding cranially in relationship to the femur in the absence of the cranial cruciate ligament.
Cranial drawer
The “grafting feel” or sound associated with manipulating a fractured bone or an arthritic joint.
Crepitation
Fractures that heal more slowly than anticipated.
Delayed unions
Bone formed without evidence of callus.
Direct bone union
Bone formed on a cartilaginous precursor.
Endochondral bone formation
Fracture fixation using casts or splints.
External coaptation
Fracture fixation in which pins penetrate the bone and skin and are connected externally.
External fixation
An incomplete fracture in which a portion of the cortex is intact.
Greenstick fracture
Denotes wire that is placed through pre-drilled holes in the bone.
Hemicerclage wire or Interfragmentary wire
The process of restoring fragment and limb alignment by distracting the major bone segments.
Indirect reduction
Fracture fixation using internal implants to secure the bone.
Internal fixation
Implants that are positioned in the medullary canal of long bones.
Intramedullary pins
Direct differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts so bone forms without a cartilaginous precursor.
Intramembranous bone formation
Healed fractures in which anatomic bone alignment was not achieved or maintained during healing.
Malunions
Support a reconstructed fracture.
Neutralization plates
A fracture that has an arrested repair process that requires surgical intervention to created an environment conducive to bone healing.
Nonunion
The pin is started at one end of the bone, driven to the fracture area and then seated at the other end of the bone.
Normograde placement
One in which the fracture is exposed to the external atmosphere.
Open fracture
Fracture repair performed after a surgical approach to the bone.
Open reduction
The manipulation used to subluxate a dysplastic hip.
Ortolani maneuver
Removal of a segment of bone.
Ostectomies
An inflammatory condition of bone and the medullary canal.
Osteomyelitis
Procedures in which the bone is cut into two segments.
Osteotomies
Process of reconstructing or realigning a fractured bone.
Reduction
The pin is inserted at the fracture area, driven proximally to exit the bone, the fracture is reduced and the pin is driven distally to seat at the end of the bone.
Retrograde placement
Process of modifying a fixation frame at approximately 6 weeks after surgery to increase the loading on the healing fracture.
Staged disassembly
