Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CEN > Orthopedic and Wound Emergencies > Flashcards

Orthopedic and Wound Emergencies Flashcards

1. Describe concepts related to the assessment of emergency department patients experiencing orthopedic and wound emergencies. 2. Describe various patient presentations related to orthopedic and wound emergencies. 3. List interventions necessary for patients presenting with orthopedic and wound emergencies.

1
Q

assessing orthopedic injuries

A 
edema
deformity
abrasion, contusion, hematoma
lacerations, avulsions
puncture wounds
crepitus
point tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

assessing neurovascular perfusion for ortho injuries

A 
circulation, motor, sensation
pain
pulses
paralysis
paresthesia
pallor
temp
cap refill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when to assess function of ortho injury

A

admission
manipulation
before/after immobilization
regular intervals until edema resolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

causes of radial nerve injuries

A

fx of humerus, elbow, distal radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of radial nerve

A

extend wrist or thumb

sensation on dorsum of thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

causes of median nerve injuries

A

elbow dislocation

wrist or forearm injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of median nerve

A

oppose thumb to base of small finger

sensation on tip of index finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

causes of ulnar nerve injuries

A

fx of medial humeral epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of ulnar nerve

A

abduct (fan) fingers

sensation on tip of 4th and 5th fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes of tibial nerve injuries

A

fx or injury to back of knee or lower leg

direct trauma, nerve compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of tibial nerve

A

plantar flex toes (curl down)

sensation on bottom of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cause of peroneal nerve injuries

A

fibular fx

direct trauma to region near head of fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of peroneal nerve

A

dorsiflex toes (curl up)

sensation on first toe of web space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pediatric considerations for ortho injuries

A

more cartilaginous

fx tend to not extend through to bone cortex

epiphyseal growth plates remain open until after puberty and are areas of weakness; fractures may arrest healing and bone growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

geriatric considerations in ortho injuries

A

increased risk 2/2 osteoporosis
decreased muscle mass that protects
limited mobility
increased healing time

fewer physiologic reserves against acute blood loss or prolonged immobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

common interventions for ortho injuries

A

splinting
reduce edema
pain management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

splinting ortho injuries

A

r/o life/limb threatening complications

immobilize to reduce blood loss, pain, further injury

above and below injury

pad and secure, assess and document distal circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reducing edema for ortho injuries

A

elevate
ice
remove constrictive items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fitting crutches

A

while wearing shoes

arm pieces 2 in below axilla when crutch is at 25 degree angle with tips 6-8 inches to side and in front of foot

adjust hand pieces so elbow has 30 degree angle of flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

crutch teaching

A

crutches 12 in forward and 6 in to side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MOI for traumatic amputations

A

guillotine (sharp)

blunt (crushing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

causes of traumatic amputation

A 
farm machinery
heavy machinery
motorcyclists
snow blowers
lawn mowers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

two goals for traumatic amputation

A

protect life and limb

preserve amputated part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

risks for poor outcomes with traumatic amputation

A 
crush/nerve injury
long ischemic times > 6 hr
proximal amputation
hypotensive shock
contamination
concomitant injuries
comorbidities
age
poor nutrition
psych illness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
assessing traumatic amputation
sx hypovolemic shock 2/2 blood loss determine amount of soft tissue injury and degree of wound contamination obtain hx of MOI and timeline xrays of extremity and amputated part
26
intervene for traumatic amputation
``` ABCs immobilize prep for replantation abx, tetanus preserve amputated part ```
27
prepping traumatic amputation patient for replantation
support/splint partial amputation in anatomic fxn brush off gross contamination, irrigate, dress, elevate residual limb do not use distilled water
28
preserving amputated part after traumatic amputation
``` brush of gross contamination no direct iodine do not soak wrap in saline soaked gauze sealed plastic bag/container sealed container on crushed ice/water label and send with pt ``` if part placed directly in water or on ice, risk of cellular freezing and death
29
define compartment syndrome
pathologic process in which excessive pressure develops within a closed body space
30
pathology of compartment syndrome
musculoskeletal trauma affects extremities where closed spaces contain bone, muscle, vessels, nerves usually lower leg, forearm closed spaces surrounded by non-elastic fascia as intracompartmental pressure increases, microcirculation is compromised, causing more edema pressure exceeds intra-arterial hydrostatic pressure, causing small vessel collapse, ischemia, necrosis
31
timeline of compartment syndrome
sx 6-8 hrs after injury but ould be delayed 48-96 hrs irreversible damage w/in 4-6 hrs of ischemia
32
causes of compartment syndrome
fracture soft tissue/vascular injury edema external compression
33
soft tissue or vascular injuries causing compartment syndrome
crush injury bleeding recent surgery
34
types external compression that could cause compartment syndrome
circumferential casts, splints, tape, elastic bandages circumferential burns
35
assessing compartment syndrome
disproportional pain with passive motion pressure measurement - can determine need for fasciotomy
36
intracompartmental pressures during compartment syndrome
< 10 mmHg: normal 20-30 mmHg: observe, elevate to heart level, remove external compression > 40 mmHg: surgical decompression
37
Six Ps of compartment syndrome
``` pain paresthesia pallor poikilothermia paralysis (late) pulselessness (late) ```
38
pain in compartment syndrome
earliest sign is a deep ache disproportionate to injury as it worsens, pain exacerbated by external pressure or movement distal to injury
39
paresthesia in compartment syndrome
nerves are compressed, leading to sx of numbness/tingling or feeling "asleep"
40
pallor in compartment syndrome
loss of circulation as microcirculation impaired pale or dusky
41
poikilothermia in compartment syndrome
extremity becomes generally cool to touch but warmer proximal to affected compartment
42
paralysis in compartment syndrome
late sign | indicates poor outcome
43
pulselessness in compartment syndrome
late sign | usually not evident until pressures close to systolic pressure, obstructing arterial blood flow
44
intervene for compartment syndrome
remove restrictive items, external pressure neutral position at level of heart fasciotomy
45
contusion
black/blue discoloration of tissue yellow/green hue whilehealing
46
hematoma
collection of blood in tissue pain risk for swelling, compartment syndrome
47
intervene for contusion/hematoma
ice, elevate, pain management, no dressing
48
define costochondritis
inflammation of cartilage at costochondral or costosternal joint idiopathic, benign, not cardiac
49
characteristics of costochondritis
self-limiting but can be recurrent or persistent insidious onset presents with chest wall pain, hx repeated minor trauma or unaccustomed activity
50
sx costochrondritis
``` local pain, tenderness sharp, nagging, aching, pressure maybe severe may wax/wane may radiate (esp when 1+ area affected) ```
51
how to make costochondritis better/worse
worse: trunk movement, coughing, deep inspiration, exertion better: decreased movement, quiet breathing, change of position
52
intervene for costochondritis
``` pain management prevent complications NSAIDs local heat gentle stretching ```
53
define foreign bodies in ortho injuries
retained objects in wounds dirt, debris, gravel, glass, metal
54
assessing foreign body in ortho injury
circulation, motor, sensory | xray
55
intervene foreign body in ortho injury
``` control bleeding copious irrigation remove by provider tetanus, abx prn do not soak w/ vegetative matter ```
56
how are fractures classified
according to status of soft tissue around break
57
patient-specific considerations that can affect bone structure and composition r/t fractures
``` growth and development nutritional status repetitive trauma hormonal changes disease processes medications ```
58
open fracture
aka compound penetrating foreign body enters bone or creates opening in tissue over bone
59
open fractures are at increased risk of:
neurovascular compromise blood loss infection
60
intervene for open fractures
surgical debridement irrigation soft tissue repair tetanus do not remove penetrating objects until it is determined if they affect structures underneath
61
closed fracture
skin intact assess for associated tissue damage
62
transverse fracture
direct trauma
63
oblique fracture
twisting, loss of leverage
64
spiral fracture
rotating force along axis of limb (twisting)
65
comminuted fracture
multiple fractures
66
avulsion fracture
muscles and ligaments contract forcefully, tear fragments from bone
67
impacted fracture
bone ends jam together
68
greenstick fracture
incomplete (children)
69
compressed fracture
vertebrae forced together axial load injury
70
depressed fracture
blunt trauma to flat bone
71
clavicle fractures
80% in middle third d/t direct force to shoulder skin tenting over fx; can't raise arm; c-spine, hemopneumothorax sling, rest
72
scapula fractures
rare, high energy force point tenderness; associated with rib, humerus, skull fx, lung, splenic injuries, CNS/PNS injury sling, cold packs
73
proximal/midshift humerus fractures
assess radial nerve damage pain, deformity; associated with chest trauma proximal: sling midshaft: sugar-tong
74
distal humerus fractures
assess brachial artery lac, median/radial/ulnar nerve involvement pain, deformity radial head fx: closed reduction, cast, sling comminuted/intraarticular fx: open reduction, fixation
75
radius/ulna fractures
fall on outstretched hand or elbow (FOOSH), direct blow pain, point tenderness, swelling, deformity angulation, shortening of elbow closed reduction, cast with elbow at 90 degrees, sling
76
distal radius fractures
FOOSH assess median nerve damage pain, deformity Smith: angulates up Colles: angulates down manipulation, closed reduction, cast
77
scaphoid (carpal bone) fractures
FOOSH wrist pain (snuff box) thumb spica cast
78
hand/metacarpal fractures
boxer's fracture swelling, knuckle depression compression or ulnar splint, open reduction/internal fixation (ORIF) if displaced
79
hand/phalange fractures
sports-related in young, falls/crush/machinery in adults rotational deformity splint, open reduction/internal fixation
80
pelvis fractures
major trauma 8-10% mortality for closed, 40-60% if open paresis/hemiparesis Coopernail sign, ecchymosis, blood at urinary meatus/vagina/rectum oxygen, IVs, elevate knees, ORIF
81
femur fractures
major trauma, osteoporotic elderly, fall on hip pain, deformity, swelling, shortening/external rotation of leg, muscle spasms, blood loss midshaft fx: traction, splint femoral head fx: ORIF
82
patella fractures
fall on knee, knee into dashboard, severe muscle upull knee pain, obvious deformity long leg cylinder cast, surgery
83
tibia/fibula fractures
frequently open major force (tibial shaft) ground level falls, sports, high-energy injuries deformity, blood loss, soft tissue damage, neurovasc damage, Volkmann contracture can ambulate with isolated fibula fx usually cast: depends on type and location, open vs closed
84
ankle talus/malleolus fractures
eversion, lateral rotation forces sprained ankles more often associated with inversion forces displaced - immediate reduction nondisplaced - splint, cast
85
foot metatarsals/phalange fractures
direct trauma, kicking, stubbing toes, athletics, crush injuries pain, deformity, swelling displaced: short leg walking cast, ORIF nondisplaced: buddy tape to adjacent toes
86
calcaneus fractures
fall from heigh (Don Juan fx) assess lumbar spine, leg, foot injuries; pain increased with hyperflexion compression dressing, crutches
87
physiology of joints
connect bones via fibrous connective tissue and cartilage structures provide stability, , mobility, strength, motion peripheral blood vessels and nerves share joint space
88
soft tissues that surround exterior of joint
provide stability and protection tendons and ligaments when excessive force applied, joint structure can separate
89
define dislocation
complete disruption of bony articulating surfaces in joint
90
define subluxation
partial joint dislocation that maintains some contact between surfaces
91
shoulder dislocation (AC separation)
direct blow to top of shoulder or FOOSH tenderness, swelling over acromioclavicular joint; inability to raise arm or adduct across chest sling for pain, active ROM
92
anterior shoulder dislocation
FOOSH abducted, cannot bring elbow to chest or touch opposite ear with hand reduce, sling/swath/immobilizer
93
posterior shoulder dislocation
sz or forceful blow to front of shoulder arm held to side and cannot externally rotate reduce, sling/swatch/immobiilzer
94
elbow dislocation (radial, head subluxation or nursemaid's
children pulled, jerked, lifted by arm refuses to use arm, limited supination, can flex/extend recurring until 5 yo reduce
95
elbow dislocation (radius, ulna)
FOOSH with elbow extended loss of arm length, rapid swelling, neurovasc compromise reduce, supportive splints
96
hip dislocation
front seat MVC anterior: flexion, abduction, ext rotation posterior: flexion, adduction, internal rotation reduce in < 6 hrs to prevent femoral head necrosis
97
patella dislocation
blow to/fall on knee flexed knee, palpable lateral femoral condyle extend leg to reduce, apply compression or knee immobilizer
98
knee dislocation
unstable joint with tibial fx deformity admission to monitor peroneal nerve and popliteal artery injury)
99
ankle dislocation
usually w/ leg fx and soft tissue injury deformity splint, open reduction
100
define sprain
injury to ligaments which have been stretched or torn by excessive force graded via degree of damage/instability
101
grade I sprain
mild microdamage stable joint + pain
102
grade II sprain
moderate partial tearing of ligament stable joint + pain, weakness
103
grade III sprain
severe significant ligament tears unstable joint + pain, weakness, loss of function
104
define strain
stretching or tearing injury to muscle or tendon d/t excessive force graded by degree of damage and instability
105
risk factors for strains
physically demanding occupations, atypical activities, contact sports, extensive gripping actions
106
grade I strain
mild | stretching of few muscle fibers
107
sx grade I strain
local pain point tenderness slight muscle spasm
108
grade II strain
moderate | partial tearing of muscle or tendon
109
sx grade II strain
``` bruising moderate pain, swelling local pain point tenderness swelling discoloration inability to use limb for prolonged period of time ```
110
grade III strain
severe | complete muscle rupture, possible involvement of fascia
111
sx grade III strain
small avulsion fx, local pain, point tenderness, swelling, discoloration, "snapping noise" at time of injury
112
interventions for sprains and strains
RICE
113
define bursitis
excessive fluid or infection of bursa sac
114
risk factors for bursitis
``` hx overuse repetitive movement inflammatory disease trauma infection ```
115
common areas of bursitis
``` subacromial olecranon trochanteric prepatellar infrapatellar ```
116
what are pts with bursitis at increased risk for?
kidney stones
117
sx bursitis
pain with use redness, warmth, swelling decreased ROM
118
intervene bursitis
immobilize, RICE NSAIDs, analgesics bursal aspiration intrabursal steroid injection
119
define gouty arthritis
overproduction of uric acid
120
sx gouty arthritis
pain in affected joint worse at night worse with weight, movement, weight bearing elevated uric acid levels
121
intervene for gouty arthritis
NSAIDs steroid injections colchicine
122
dc teaching for gouty arthritis
``` avoid: thiazide diuretics, alcohol herring, mussels, salmon, sardines, anchovies yeast, veal, bacon, organ meats aspirin ```
123
define rhabdomyolysis
breakdown of muscle resulting in release of myoglobin, CK, electrolytes
124
potential causes of rhabdo
``` prolonged immobilization illicit drugs heatstroke infection trauma, crush injuries metabolic disorders inflammatory myopathies ```
125
pathophysiology of rhabdo
fluids pulled into intravascular bed leading to extravascular dehydration myoglobin molecules become trapped in glomeruli, leading to acute renal failure
126
sx rhabdo
malaise, fever, muscle tenderness dark brown urine increased K, uric acid, CK decreased Ca
127
intervene for rhabdo
ABCs with lots of fluid urine alkalinization, mannitol, loop diuretics sodium bicarb correct electrolyte, acid-base, metabolic abnormalities HD for acute renal failure
128
define joint effusion
collection of fluid in joint space
129
causes of joint effusion
knee most common trauma, overuse, undelrying disease/condition
130
sx joint effusion
pain swelling stiffness redness, warmth
131
intervene joint effusion
NSAIDs RICE arthrocentesis
132
define low back pain
muscle pain disc injury overuse degenerative changes
133
assessing low back pain
``` location/duration provocation/palliation hx of injury numbness to extremities incontinence ``` xrays/MRIs if neurovasc compromise or incontinent
134
intervene low back pain
analgesia PT pain meds surgery
135
define osteomyelitis
bone and tissue infection | can lead to sepsis
136
causes of osteomyelitis
open fx infection over previous x puncture wounds trauma
137
sx osteomyelitis
pain malaise fever redness, warmth, swelling
138
assessing osteomyelitis
inspection neurovasc blood cultures
139
intervene osteomyelitis
``` IV abx specialty consults: -ortho -ESS -ID ```
140
causes of achilles tendon rupture
``` sudden forced plantar flexion unsuspected dorsiflexion systemic diseases direct trauma, jumping, pushing off, overuse fluoroquinolone use direct steroid injections ```
141
sx achilles tendon rupture
sharp pain or pop in hell flat-footed walking unable to stand on ball of foot unable to plantar flex foot
142
assessing achilles tendon rupture
xrays to r/o bony injuries US to r/o DVT, Baker cyst MRI for definitive diagnosis
143
intervene achilles tendon rupture
ice splint in plantar flexion crutches surgery
144
define blast injuries
when explosives detonated as gas expands, equal amount of air is displaced and travels after blast wave
145
complications of blast injuries
disruption of tissue evisceration traumatic amputation d/t mass movement of air casing fragments become high-velocity projectiles
146
define primary blast injuries
initial blast or air wave | affects air-filled organs
147
injuries associated with primary blast
``` tympanic membrane perf blast lung (pneumo, alveolar rupture) air embolus GI contusion, rupture, perf CNS -focal, diffuse cerebral hemmorhage -cerebral air embolism ```
148
define secondary blast injury
flying debris acts as projectiles injuries vary depending on size of projectile and site of impact
149
injuries associated with secondary blast
penetrating injuries lacerations impaled objects
150
define tertiary blast injury
injuries from being thrown from blast site
151
injuries associated with tertiary blast
blunt or crush fractures traumatic amputation brain injury
152
define quaternary blast injury
inhalation of dust or toxic agents
153
injuries associated with quaternary blast
thermal burns radiation CBRN lungs, skin, eyes most commonly injured
154
define abrasion
rubbing skin against hard surface removes epithelium and exposes dermis or SQ layer
155
characteristics of abrasions
yellow, white, pink, bloody superficial or multiple skin layers embedded foreign objects can cause permanent tattooing if not removed same physiologic effects as partial thickness burns large abrasions may cause fluid loss and hypothermia 2/2 evaporation high risk for infection
156
intervene abrasions
``` soap, water, irrigation pain control prior to cleaning topical abx nonadherent dressings qd open to air if minor tetanus ```
157
define laceration
blunt trauma causing tissue tearing or crushing superficial or deep linear or stellate with jagged or smooth edges
158
intervene lacerations
``` bleeding control wound irrigitation distal neurovasc assessment thin layer abx ointment nonadherent dressing ``` wound closure: approximation of edges and closure
159
define avulsion
full-thickness skin loss where approximation of wound edges is not possible
160
characteristics of avulsion
peeling of skin from underlying tissues compromises blood supply common with thin skin, long-term steroids
161
degloving injury
avulsion where skin peeled away from scalp, hand, digits, foot, toes
162
intervene avulsion
local anesthesia for pain management during irrigation and debridement split thickness skin graft if large some edges approximated w/ adhesive strips or occlusive dressing cover with bulky dressing to protect exposed tissue
163
purpose of wound dressings
absorb drainage protect from contamination hold abx ointments in place
164
why bulky wound dressings?
provide additional protection | absorb significant drainage
165
how long is a dry, sterile dressing applied for
2 days
166
when can pts shower after open wound
following wound closure - will not increase incidence of inection
167
adhesive tape closure for wounds
closure with sterile microporous tape strips for well-approximated edges in areas with minimal skin tension for transerve lacs on face - not for edematous wounds leave until falls off on its own
168
staple closure for wounds
faster, lower rates of tissue reactivity and wound infection cannot align wound margins neatly - better for areas where scarring is tolerated lower degree of hemostasis than sutures remove 10-14 days
169
tissue adhesive for wounds
wound glue makes contact with alkaline ph and polymerizes to form thin, waterproof bandage 1 sec on moist skin, several secs on dry skin avoid liquids, ointments will slough off 5-10 days
170
essential wound care dc instructions
``` anticipate suture/staple removal activity restrictions sx infection sx circulatory compromise reasons to see PCP or ED sunscreen elevate for edema ```
171
define missile injuries
penetrating injuries from guns, industrial accidents, paint guns, nail guns
172
characteristics of missile injuries
appearance of entry wound does not always reflect amount of damage do not remove impaling objects
173
firearm injuries
extensive damage to underlying tissues and organs fragments from scattered bones = secondary projectiles passage of gullet forms negative pressure cavity that pulls debris into wound shock wave travels through tissue, shearing and crushing nerves, vessels, muscles, organs bullets from rifles have higher velocity than handguns and have greater tissue damage
174
intervene with missile injuries
``` ABCs would eval bleeding control surgical vs non surgical projectile path unpredictable preserve forensic evidence ```
175
paint or nail gun injuries
high pressure injuries from paint or grease guns inject pain/grease for several centimeters, typically following tissue plane in volar aspect of hand, can travel down tendon sheaths and along digits
176
intervene for paint or nail gun injury
``` ABCs, bleeding control wound assessment eval foreign object abx, tetanus sx to drain pain/oil ```
177
define pressure ulcer
local damage to skin and underlying tissue caused by compression between bony prominence and external surface
178
risk factors for pressure ulcers
sensory deficits debility/paralysis meds malnutrition
179
define stage I pressure ulcer
nonblanchable erythema of intact skin discoloration, warmth, induration
180
intervene stage I pressure ulcer
turn, alleviate pressure protect/cushion/cover area
181
define stage II pressure ulcer
partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and/or dermis superficial ulcer, presents as abrasion or blister
182
intervene stage II pressure ulcer
cover/protect with dressing lotion/emollients with padding
183
define stage III pressure ulcer
full thickness may extend to fascia high rate of infection
184
intervene stage III pressure ulcer
prevent infection cover/protect wound alleviate pressure
185
define stage IV pressure ulcer
extensive destruction tissue necrosis/damage to muscle, bone, underlying structures w/ w/o full thickness skin loss
186
intervene stage IV pressure ulcer
prevent infection surgical removal of necrotic tissue
187
define puncture wounds
penetrating injury where depth > diameter nails, glass, pins move vessels and nerves aside rather than sever
188
complications of puncture wounds
difficult to clean, quick to close abscess septic arthritis (joint spaces) osteomyelitis (cartilage, bone, periosteum)
189
intervene puncture wounds
irrigate, clean uncomplicated, uncontaminated wounds < 6 hrs old tetanus routine abx not recommended monitor for complications
190
plantar puncture wounds
weight-bearing on sharp object often involves bone penetration causing osteomyelitis (adults), osteochrondritis (children) pain worse 4-7 days later w/ redness, swelling 50% with foreign body prophylactic abx d/t pseudomonas in soles of sneakers
191
characteristics of bite wound
all bites from humans or animals contaminate wound with bacteria tetanus-prone
192
bite wound interventions
bites to face close immediately bites to hand close 3-5 days or are packed and left open irrigate, debride tetanus rabies prophylaxis?
193
bites to back of hand
high risk of joint penetration with osteomyelitis, joint effusion possibly from hitting another in the mouth
194
intervene bites to back of hand
meticulous cleaning immobilization abx
195
characteristics of dog bites
tissue damage depends on size and state of animal multiple punctures, avulsion underlying crush injury (limbs)
196
dog bite interventions
abx prophylaxis | wound culture
197
characteristics of cat bites
deep puncture wounds | high infection rate
198
cat bite interventions
abx prophylaxis (penicillin) open wounds unless on face wound culture

CEN (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions