Orthopaedics Flashcards
How does the ABCDE approach differ in trauma?
C-ABCDE is usually used where C stands for catastrophic haemorrhage and C-spine.
What are the 4 principles of fracture management?
Resuscitation
Reduce
Hold/immobilise
Rehabilitate
What are the different types of NOF#?
Intracapsular - subcapital, transcervical or basicervical
Extracapsular - intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric
What is the big concern with intracapsular hip fractures?
The fracture may disrupt the ascending retinacular arteries which are part of the vascular supply to the femoral head, along with the artery of ligamentum teres. If they are disrupted then the femoral head is at risk of avascular necrosis.
What is the typical clinical presentation of displaced hip fractures?
A shortened, externally rotated leg.
What is the Garden classification system used for?
To further classify intracapsular hip fractures based on whether they are displaced.
Which 2 views are used for x-ray of a suspected hip fracture?
AP pelvis
Lateral hip
What is Shenton’s Line?
Formed by inferior edge of superior pubic ramus and medial edge of femoral neck. If disrupted then this is highly suggestive of NOF#, although not all NOF#’s will have a loss of shenton’s line.
What does a positive McMurray’s test indicate with regards to the knee?
Meniscal injury, commonly caused by twisting. Medical meniscus is more commonly affected than lateral as it is less mobile.
Which 2 arteries form the extracapsular arterial ring at the neck of the femur?
Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries (mostly medial). The arterial ring then gives rise to ascending retinacular arteries which supply the head of the femur.
Name some post-op complications of hip replacement surgery.
Pulmonary embolism Infection Pain Bleeding Neurovascular damage
