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Year 3 Surgery > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

How may investigations present with metastatic breast cancer?

A

Raised ALP
Raised Serum Calcium

(pain waking from sleep)

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2
Q

How does Paget’s disease appear on x-ray?

A

thickened and sclerotic

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3
Q

A 45-year-old man presents with a 2-day history of groin pain. He describes a sensation of snapping in the hip with deep groin and hip pain.
The patient played in a rugby match the weekend prior.

What is the diagnosis?

A

Acetabular labral tear

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4
Q

How may avascular necrosis of the femoral head present on x-ray and what are it’s risk factors?

A

Flattening and a decrease in volume of the femoral head

long-term steroid use
chemotherapy
alcohol excess
trauma

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5
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for osteomyelitis?

A

MRI

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6
Q

How does Iliotibial band syndrome present? How is it treated?

A

Common cause of lateral knee pain in runners
Snapping sensation on lateral knee during repeated flexion/extension

tenderness 2-3cm above the lateral joint line

iliotibial band stretches and physio

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7
Q

A patient has a number of rib fractures.
What measures can be taken to help avoid this patient developing a chest infection?

A
  1. ANALGESIA
    (add regional nerve block if max dose of analgesia in effective)
  2. Chest physio
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8
Q

What branch of what artery is effected in a scaphoid #?

A

The dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery

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9
Q

How does fat embolism syndrome present?

A

Triad of symptoms:
Respiratory
Neurological
Petechial rash (tends to occur after the first 2 symptoms)

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10
Q

At what age would a RA and acromegaly patient present with carpel tunnel syndrome?

A

RA - 30s

Acromegaly - 50+

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11
Q

What is the name of a non tender lump overlying the distal interphalangeal joint of the index finger.

A

Heberdens nodes

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12
Q

How does Chondromalacia patellae present?

A

A 19-year-old sportswoman presents with knee pain which is worse on walking down the stairs and when sitting still.

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13
Q

How does a Acromioclavicular dislocation present?

A

Pain and swelling of the shoulder joint.
The clavicle is prominent and there appears to be a step deformity

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14
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

A

a dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint with an associated fracture of the radius

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15
Q

What nerve root supplies the triceps reflex?

A

Radial never C7

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16
Q

What would L5 compression cause?

A

Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop, no specific reflex lost

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17
Q

What would L3 compression cause?

A

sensory loss over anterior thigh
weak hip flexion,
weak knee extension
weak hip adduction
reduced knee reflex

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18
Q

When do you get squaring of the thumbs?

A

OA of hands

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19
Q

How does aseptic loosening of a THR present?

A

Hip pain radiating to the knee that is worse on weight bearing

20
Q

What could you do for a patient in SEVERE pain with a NOF#?

A

Iliofascial nerve block

21
Q

What is the first line for sciatica?

A

NSAIDs and physio

surgery referral if don’t respond to this

22
Q

What hip dislocation is most common?

A

POSTERIOR

23
Q

How does a NoF # present?

A

Shortened and externally rotated

24
Q

What is the management for plantar fasciitis?

A

Weight Loss
Stretching exercises
Rest

25
Q

What drug has dupuytrens contracture as a side effect?

A

Phenytoin

26
Q

A patient has a tender base of her thumb and tender radial sytloid process. What is the diagnosis?

A

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis

27
Q

How does a fracture of the radial head present?

A

Tender proximal forearm
Restricted supination and pronation

28
Q

How are weber A fractures of the ankle treated?

A

Analgesia
Controlled Ankle Motion (CAM) boot w/ weight bearing

29
Q

What nerve is often effected in a posterior hip dislocation?

A

Sciatic Nerve

30
Q

How is a fibula fracture distal to the syndesmosis treated?

How is a fibula fracture at the level of the syndesmosis treated?

A

Both below knee plaster cast to include mid foot

31
Q

How does L4 nerve compression present?

A

Anterior knee + medial malleolus sensory loss
Weak knee extension
Weak hip adduction
Reduced knee reflex

32
Q

How does S1 nerve compression present?

A

Sensory loss of lateral foot + posterolateral leg

Weak planterflexion
Reduced ankle reflex
+ve sciatic nerve stretch

33
Q

Where is the most common site of metatarsal stress fractures?

A

2nd metatarsal

34
Q

What is a monteggia fracture?

A

Dislocation of proximal radio-ulnar joint

Ulnar fracture

35
Q

What does a +ve straight leg raise suggest?

A

Sciatic nerve pain

36
Q

What is the triad in leriche syndrome?

A
  1. Thigh/buttock claudication
  2. Impotence (ED)
  3. Leg muscle atrophy
37
Q

How does perthes disease present?

A

4-8 yr old boy
progressive limp/hip+groin pain

X-ray: widening of hip joint space w/ flattening of femoral head

38
Q

Which movements aggravate golfers elbow?

A

Wrist flexion + pronation

39
Q

What is simmond’s triad in diagnosis Achilles tendon rupture?

A
  1. Calf squeeze
  2. Observe angle of declination
  3. Palpation of tendon
40
Q

What is the treatment for a DISPLACED hip fracture?

A

THR
(hemiathroplasty if frail)

41
Q

What is the management for a intracapsular NoF #?

A

Cannulated hip screw

42
Q

What is the cause of burning thigh pain?

A

Meralgia paraesthetica
(Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh)

43
Q

What is the treatment for congenital bilateral clubfoot?

A

Manipulation and progressive casting soon after birth

44
Q

How does frozen shoulder present with movements?

A

Weak active and passive movements

Especially external rotation

45
Q

What could weak external rotation of the shoulder indicate?

A

Frozen Shoulder
Posterior dislocation
GH OA

46
Q

What nerve is injured in foot drop?
What areas of sensation would be altered?

A

Common perineal nerve

Dorsum of foot and lateral leg

47
Q
A

Year 3 Surgery (3 decks)

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