Orthopaedics Flashcards
How may investigations present with metastatic breast cancer?
Raised ALP
Raised Serum Calcium
(pain waking from sleep)
How does Paget’s disease appear on x-ray?
thickened and sclerotic
A 45-year-old man presents with a 2-day history of groin pain. He describes a sensation of snapping in the hip with deep groin and hip pain.
The patient played in a rugby match the weekend prior.
What is the diagnosis?
Acetabular labral tear
How may avascular necrosis of the femoral head present on x-ray and what are it’s risk factors?
Flattening and a decrease in volume of the femoral head
long-term steroid use
chemotherapy
alcohol excess
trauma
What is the gold standard investigation for osteomyelitis?
MRI
How does Iliotibial band syndrome present? How is it treated?
Common cause of lateral knee pain in runners
Snapping sensation on lateral knee during repeated flexion/extension
tenderness 2-3cm above the lateral joint line
iliotibial band stretches and physio
A patient has a number of rib fractures.
What measures can be taken to help avoid this patient developing a chest infection?
- ANALGESIA
(add regional nerve block if max dose of analgesia in effective) - Chest physio
What branch of what artery is effected in a scaphoid #?
The dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery
How does fat embolism syndrome present?
Triad of symptoms:
Respiratory
Neurological
Petechial rash (tends to occur after the first 2 symptoms)
At what age would a RA and acromegaly patient present with carpel tunnel syndrome?
RA - 30s
Acromegaly - 50+
What is the name of a non tender lump overlying the distal interphalangeal joint of the index finger.
Heberdens nodes
How does Chondromalacia patellae present?
A 19-year-old sportswoman presents with knee pain which is worse on walking down the stairs and when sitting still.
How does a Acromioclavicular dislocation present?
Pain and swelling of the shoulder joint.
The clavicle is prominent and there appears to be a step deformity
What is a Galeazzi fracture?
a dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint with an associated fracture of the radius
What nerve root supplies the triceps reflex?
Radial never C7
What would L5 compression cause?
Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop, no specific reflex lost
What would L3 compression cause?
sensory loss over anterior thigh
weak hip flexion,
weak knee extension
weak hip adduction
reduced knee reflex
When do you get squaring of the thumbs?
OA of hands
How does aseptic loosening of a THR present?
Hip pain radiating to the knee that is worse on weight bearing
What could you do for a patient in SEVERE pain with a NOF#?
Iliofascial nerve block
What is the first line for sciatica?
NSAIDs and physio
surgery referral if don’t respond to this
What hip dislocation is most common?
POSTERIOR
How does a NoF # present?
Shortened and externally rotated
What is the management for plantar fasciitis?
Weight Loss
Stretching exercises
Rest
