General

Question 1

What is the complications of giving somebody too much Saline in fluids?

Answer 1

Hypercholeremic Metabolic Acidosis (ITU)
Worsens acidosis
Worsens hyperkalemia

Question 2

How much fluids can you give before referral to ITU for vasopressors/inotropes when hypotensive?

Answer 2

2L

Question 3

What is the average amount of maintenance fluids daily?

Answer 3

2L
(but replace what they’ve lost - lost 2L then 2L + 2L, ao 4L in day)

Question 4

What are the benefits of spinal aesthetic over general anaesthetic?

Answer 4

Lower cost
Better post-op pain scores
Allergy to general anaesthetic
Contra-indication to general (COPD)

Question 5

What two layers is spinal anaesthetic injected between?

Answer 5

Arachnoid and pia mater

Question 6

What are some differentials for a groin lump?

Answer 6

Hernia
Limopa
Lymphadenopathy
Sebaceous cyst
saphena varix
femoral artery anneurysm

Question 7

Where is the deep inguinal ring located?

Answer 7

Half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 8

What are some immediate intra-op and post-op complications of hernia?

Answer 8

Conversion to open repair
Damage to surrounding structures (blood vessels, bladder or bowel)
Urinary retention
Bleeding
Infection

Question 9

What artery is caused in PAD?

Answer 9

Superficial femoral artery
Popliteal artery

Iliac - buttock pain

Question 10

Why do you get a red leg with PAD on buergers test?

Answer 10

Severe ischaemia leads to release of local vasodilators which causes rapid perfusion of the ischaemic foot

Question 11

Define hydronephrosis

Answer 11

Dilation of the renal pelvis from hydrostatic pressure or uninary tract obstruction