Orthography

Question 0

doublets

Answer 0

a doublet uses two of the same letter two spell one consonant phoneme

ff, ll, ss, zz

Question 1

Single letters

Answer 1

a single consonant letter can represent a consonant phoneme.

Question 2

digraphs

Answer 2

a digraph is two- (di-) letter combination that stands for one phoneme, neither letter acts alone to represent the sound.

ex: th, sh, ch, wh, ph, ng (sing)

Question 3

Trigraphs

Answer 3

three letter combo that stands for one phoneme

• tch
• dge

Question 4

Consonants in blends

Answer 4

blend contains two or three graphemes because the consonant sounds are seperate and identifiable. A blend is not one sound

s-c-r (scrape)
c-l- (clean)
f-t- (sift)

Question 5

Silent letter combos

Answer 5

uses two letters, one represents phoneme, other is silent

kn (knock), wr (wrestle) gn (gnarl)

Question 6

combination qu

Answer 6

these two letters, always together, usually stand for two sounds /k/ /w/.
ex: quickly.

Question 7

Vowel teams

Answer 7

a combo of two, three, or four letters stands for a vowel

short- head hook
long - boat sigh weigh
dipthong- toil bout

Question 8

Vowel-r combinations

Answer 8

a vowel followed by an r works in combo with /r/ to make a unique vowel sound.

car, sport, her, burn, first

Question 9

vowel-consonant e (VCe)

Answer 9

the vowel-consonant-silent e pattern is common for spelling a long vowel sound

gate, eve, rude, hope, five

Question 10

Six types of written syllable patterns

Answer 10

1. Closed
   a syllable with a short vowel spelled with a single vowel letter ending in one or more consonants (dap-ple, hos-tel)
2. Vowel-C-e- (magic e)
   a syllable with a long vowel spelled with one vowel + one consonant + silent e (complete, despite)
3. Open
   a syllable that ends with a long vowel sound, spelled with a single vowel letter (/pro/gram, /ta/ble, /re/cent)
4. Vowel team
   syllables that use two to four letters to spell the vowel (beau-ti-ful, train-er)
5. Vowel-r (r-controlled) a syllable with er, ir,or, ar, ur
   vowel pronunciation often changes before /r/
   ex: in-(jur)-ious
   con-(sort)
6. Consonant-le
   An unaccented final syllable containing a consonant before /l/ followed by a silent edribble
   beagle
   little

Question 11

Three Useful principles for chunking longer words into syllables

Answer 11

1. VC-CV Two or more consonants between two vowels. When syllables have two or more adjacent consonants between them, we divide between the consonants. The first will be closed with a short vowel
   sub-let nap-kin pen-ny emp-ty
2. V-CV and VC-V One consonant between two vowels
   a.) first try dividing before the consonant. This makes the first syllable open and the vowel long. This strategy will work 75% of the time with VCV syllable division. e-ven ra-bies de-cent
   b.) if the word is not recognized, try dividing after the consant. This makes the first syllable closed and the vowel sound short. This works 25 percent of the time with VCV syllable division
   ev-er rab-id dec-ade riv-er

3.) Consonant blends usually stick together. Don’t seperate digraphs when using the first two principles for decoding.
e-ther spec-trum se-qiun