orthography

Question 1

grapheme

Answer 1

a letter or a number of letters that represent a sound

Question 2

diagraph

Answer 2

a group of two successive letters that represents a single sound or phoneme

Question 3

consonant diagraphs

Answer 3

include : ch(church), ‘ng (king), ph (phone), sh(shoe), th(then;think) wh(wheel)

Question 4

vowel diagraphs

Answer 4

oa(boat) ai(rain) ee(feet) oo(moon)

Question 5

triagraph

Answer 5

a cluster of three letters that represent one sound e.g. igh (night) ear(fear) ear(bear “air” pronounciaton)

Question 6

homphone

Answer 6

each of two or more words having the same pronunciation but different meanings, origins or spelling

Question 7

homonyms

Answer 7

words that are spelt the same but have different meanings and may be pronounced differently

Question 8

phonetic

Answer 8

spelling the word exaclty as it sounds

e.g. riva( river) ; becos (because)

Question 9

insertion

Answer 9

adding extra letters e.g. caat (cat) ; holliday (holiday)

Question 10

omission

Answer 10

leaving out letters e.g. Dady (Daddy) ; lisend (listened)

Question 11

substition

Answer 11

substituting one letter for another e.g. meet (meat) ; grate ( great)

Question 12

transposition

Answer 12

reversing the correct order of letters in words e.g. freind (friend) ; thikc (thick)

Question 13

salient sounds

Answer 13

writing only the key sounds e.g. night (knight) ; Wensday ( wednesday) ; autum (autumn)

Question 14

overgeneralisation

Answer 14

overgeneralising a spelling rule. for example: a child spells all the words with an “ate” sound

Question 15

under-generalisation

Answer 15

only appling a spelling rule in a very narrow context.

- for instance: a child employs the following spellings of words ending with the “ing” suffix: careing, liveing