concepts ( learning to write)

Question 1

4 stages of Kroll’s stages of writing development

Answer 1

Preparation- up to 6 years old
Consolidation - up to 7/8 years old
Differentiation- 8 to mid teens
Integration - mid teens

Question 2

what is preparation

Answer 2

children acquire basic motor skills

Question 3

consolodation meaning

Answer 3

writing is similar to spoken language

uses short declarative statements abd common use of familiar conjunctions like “and”

Question 4

meaning of differentation

Answer 4

a stronger understanding of writing for different audiences and purposes becomes evident
more complex grammar is used
punctuation is more accurate and consistent

Question 5

meaning integration

Answer 5

children develop a “personal voice” in their writing.

wider vocabulary and more accurate spelling

Question 6

Rothery found that children’s school writing fell into distinctive groups:

Answer 6

• observation/comment
• recount
• report
• narrative

Question 7

observation/comment meaning

Answer 7

• the writer makes an observation (“i saw a tiger”)
• follows it with an evaluation (“it was very large”)
• or mixes evaluation in with observation (“i saw a very large tiger”)

Question 8

recount meaning

Answer 8

• usually a chronological sequence of events e.g. description of a school trip as a follow-up activity
• written subjectively in the first person (‘I’)
• often follows a set pattern:
• orientation - sets the scene ( perhaps a description of a journey or name of place visited)
• event
• reorientation- completes the writing

Question 9

report meaning

Answer 9

• a factual and objective description of events or things

- usually non-chronological

Question 10

narratvie meaning

Answer 10

• story genre- has some structural complexity so few children achieve the whole structure early on
• orientation- sets scene for events
• resolution
• coda - identifies the point of the story

Question 11

brittons 3 modes of writing

Answer 11

• expressive
• poetic
• transactional

Question 12

expressive meaning

Answer 12

• the first mode to develop because it resembles speech
• uses the first person perspective
• content usually based on personal preferences

Question 13

poetic meaning

Answer 13

• develpps gradually, requiring skill in crafting and shaping language
• but encouraged early on because of its creativity
• phonological features- rhyme, rhythm, alliteration
• descriptive devices- adjectives, similies

Question 14

transactional meaning

Answer 14

• develops last - around secondary school age
• requires differentation between speech and writing
• more impersonal style and detatched tone of academice essays
• use of third person ( she,he,it,they)
• formal sentence structures
• graphological features such as bullet points and sub headings used to signpost sections and ideas