Orthodontics I Flashcards
Class I malocclusion
most ____ malocclusion seen in NA
common
Class II Malocclusion
- Div 1: ____ overjet, can have spacing
- Div 2: ____ overjet, CI have more of a ____ position, most often a very ____, and lateral incisors are either normally inclined or proclined.
- Div 1 & Div 2 difference is in ____.
greater minimal recumbent deep bite maxillary incisors
As far as posterior relationships go, we don’t have the same cuspal relationships as permanent dentition. Cusps are ____, so it’s hard to get a true ____. We have ways to assess molar classification for primary dentition.
flattened
interdigitation
• We can see the changes as we progress from primary dentition, to mixed, to permanent dentition.
• What other changes occurred over time? Quite a bit of facial change (got much ____)- going to see continued
facial changes as time goes on into adulthood. Need to have a good understanding of somatic/craniofacial
growth and development- it’s all a ____ process.
longer
dynamic
• We’re gonna see some continued change, especially with mandibular growth over time. When we see a very young patient with ALREADY a class III relationship, that’s of great ____, because as she gets older she’s going to have even more ____ growth.
concern
mandibular
Space analysis = looking at how much ____ we have available vs how much is required. ____ how much crowding or spacing we have per arch. Studying a detailed space analysis, we’re able to make that determination more clearly.
arch circumference
quantify
- TOOTH FORMATION
- TOOTH ERUPTION: SEQUENCE, TIMING, POSITION
- DEVELOPMENT OF THE DENTALARCH:
____, ____, ____, ____ - DEVELOPMENT OF THE OCCLUSION:
____, ____, ____ - TOOTH SIZE AND NUMBER
(Relation to arch size: space analysis) - DENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND PERIODONTIUM
*THREE KEY FACTORS: ERUPTION, DRIFT, EQUILIBRIUM
length
breadth
circumference
depth
sagittal
vertical
transverse
We are ____
diphyodonts
Primary v. Permanent Dentition DIFFERENCES
What are the differences between the primary & permanent teeth?
• ____ (20 vs 32)
• Size.
◦ Are all of our permanent teeth larger in size than our primary? NO. Size difference is not ____ anterior to posterior.
◦ Primary molars are larger vs permanent premolars are smaller. Anterior permanent teeth are ____, but posterior primary teeth are ____ (permanent pre-molars are smaller), which contributes to ____ to be discussed on Friday.
• Color differences, histological differences (pulp/enamel differences).
• Life expectancy in primary teeth is limited so there are differences in quality of tooth anatomy/enamel/pulp, etc
number uniform larger larger leeway space
• Whats the rationale? Why do we need 2 sets of teeth?
◦ When we’re born, we have a much larger ____ than a maxilla/mandible until pubescent.
◦ If we had much larger jaws, we wouldn’t be able to fit through the birth
canal.
neurocranium
• With regard to a much more advanced neurocranial development at a very young age, we have a difference in proportionality from infant to adult skull. In adult skulls, our upper, middle, and lower thirds are much more ____ to each other than in the infant skull.
proportional
We’ve already had some mesial tipping of the molars (red lines), and if we let this go on for too long, we’re going to have concerns where the ____ are going to be blocked out.
second premolars
Development of the dentition
Greatest rate of increase of dental arches (all dimensions) between ____ years of age (eruption of teeth)
Further increments (4-18 yrs) comparatively ____
birth and 3
small
Development of the dentition
We can still have tremendous amounts of ____ development, but where the teeth exist on the ____ is not going to change much over time.
If you have crowding at a young age, for example, that crowding is going to follow through from the age of 3 to the age of 14 and so on, and could even have detrimental effects if you have functional issues such as a locked in maxilla, affecting growth during those phases (skeletal asymmetries).
maxillary/mandibular
arches
- Unless we consider interceptive treatment to correct the existing problems NOW, this problem will stay the same or even get worse as he advances in growth & development and into a ____ dentition.—- This is the essence of consideration of interceptive treatment.
- American Association of Orthodontics recommends that we screen patients by ____ years old, at least to monitor growth and development. if problems are severe enough skeletally/functionally/alignment issues, they’re much easier to solve at an earlier age.
mixed/permanent
6 or 7
3 Key Factors
n____
n____
n____
- Drift: do teeth have a tendency to drift mesially or distally?
- Not just simply looking statically at teeth in MIP, we’re going to look at teeth dynamically between periodontium & proper TMJ function.
eruption
drift
equilibrium
ERUPTION
Palmer Notation (Primary Dentition)
- A - \_\_\_\_
- B - \_\_\_\_
- C - \_\_\_\_
- D - \_\_\_\_
- E - \_\_\_\_
• We number permanent teeth from 1-8 in each \_\_\_\_, and letter primary teeth from \_\_\_\_ in each quadrant. We have \_\_\_\_ sets of 1-8 in permanent dentition, and \_\_\_\_ sets of A-E for primary dentition.
CI LI canine M1 M2
quadrant
A-E
4
4
Palmer Notation (Permanent Dentition)
- 1 - ____
- 2 - LI
- 3 - ____
- 4 - ____
- 5 - PM2
- 6 - ____
- 7 - M2
- 8 - ____
CI canine PM1 M1 M3
Dental Emergence of PRIMARY TEETH
CI
Time: ____ [____]
LI:
Time: ____ [____]
M1
Time: ____ [____]
Canines
Time: ____ [____]
M2
Time: ____ [____]
General trend: ____ before maxillary teeth, except ____
5-8
6
8-10
9
10-16
12
16-20
18
20-30
24
Dental emergence (primary teeth)
By the child’s first birthday, they should have ____ teeth (4 CI, 4 LI, 4 M1)
By age 2, they should have all ____.
There is some variation, but these are typical averages.
If a child is almost a year and no teeth have emerged yet, this indicates a delay. These delays are often reflected in mixed & permanent dentition emergence as well. (The trend is that if you have delay/acceleration at an early stage, the trend often follows into permanent dentition).
Palmer notation emergence sequence: A, B, D, C, E
12
20
